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FINAL REVIEW PACKET

FINAL REVIEW PACKET. HABITAT. The part of an ecosystem where an organism lives is called the organism’s All the biotic and abiotic factors in an area together make up an Prairie dogs, snakes, and grass make up a level of ecological organization called

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FINAL REVIEW PACKET

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  1. FINAL REVIEW PACKET

  2. HABITAT • The part of an ecosystem where an organism lives is called the organism’s • All the biotic and abiotic factors in an area together make up an • Prairie dogs, snakes, and grass make up a level of ecological organization called • Water, sunlight and soil are factors in an ecosystem. • Two abiotic factors that are needed for photosynthesis are sunlight and ECOSYSTEM COMMUNITY ABIOTIC WATER / CO2

  3. ECOLOGISTS SAMPLING 6) Scientists who study how living things interact with the environment are called 7) The method of estimating involves multiplying the number of organisms in a small area to find the number in a larger area. 8) Observing animal tracks is an example of observation, which is used to estimate population size. 9) A group of zebras breaking off from a herd decreases the size of the herd population through . 10) The main way that populations increase in size is through the of offspring. INDIRECT EMIGRATION BIRTH

  4. LIMITING SPACE 11) If food is scarce, it becomes a factor that prevents population growth. 12) A lack of places to build nests is an example of as a limiting factor for population of birds. 13) The thick fur of a polar bear is a that allows the bear to live successfully in its environment. 14) Ticks feed on the blood of mice in a symbiotic relationship called . 15) A close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species is known as 16) The struggle of two species to occupy a certain nIchein an ecosystem is an example of ADAPTATION PARASITISM SYMBIOSIS COMPETITION

  5. COMMENSALISM HOST 17) A hawk building a nest on the arm of a cactus without hurting the cactus is an example of the symbiotic relationship called 18) A flea is a parasite that lives on a such as a dog. 19) The study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment is called 20) The type of succession that occurs in an area where an ecosystem has been disturbed but where soil and organisms still exist, is called succession. 21) Bacteria and fungi are known as because they break down the remains of organisms. 22) The energy role of a grizzly bear is that of a because it cannot make its own food. ECOLOGY SECONDARY DECOMPOSERS CONSUMER

  6. ENERGY PYRAMID TOP/TERTIARY 23) A diagram called a shows how much energy is available at each level of a food web. 24) The least amount of energy is available at the level of an energy pyramid. 25) The energy role of the first organism in a food chain is always a 26) An organism that eats only plants is a consumer. 27) Water vapor turns into droplets of liquid water in the process of 28) Water from a lake changes to the gas state in the process of PRODUCER FIRST-LEVEL/PRIMARY CONDENSATION EVAPORATION

  7. NITROGEN FIXATION CARBON DIOXIDE 29) Certain bacteria change nitrogen gas into a useable form in a process called 30) Producers use carbon from the gas to make sugars and starches. 31) The distribution of species has been affected by the slow movement of Earth’s continents called 32) Small, light organisms such as baby spiders can be dispersed by 33) Mountains and deserts that are difficult for organisms to cross are barriers to dispersal. 34) Temperature and precipitation determine an area’s which can limit dispersal of organisms. CONTINENTAL DRIFT WIND PHYSICAL CLIMATE

  8. DESERT PERMAFROST 35) The biome receives less than 25 centimeters of rain a year and may have large temperature shifts every day. 36)The soil that is frozen all year in the tundra is 37) The neritic zone over the continental shelf is part of the ecosystem. 38) The part of the open ocean that receives enough sunlight for floating algae to carry out photosynthesis is called the zone. 39) A bird eating berries and depositing the seeds in its wastes is an example of . 40) Places with similar tend to have species that occupy similar niches. MARINE SURFACE DISPERSAL CLIMATES/BIOMES

  9. LIQUID EVAPORATION 41) The three states in which water is found on Earth are solid, gas and . 42) Liquid water can change to water vapor through boiling or . 43) In the process of plants use water, plus carbon dioxide and energy from the sun to make their own food. 44) The ocean provides a , or a place to live that provides all the things an organism needs to survive, for many species of fish. 45) Most of Earths’s fresh water is in the form of PHOTOSYNTHESIS HABITAT ICE

  10. GROUND WATER SUN 46) Fresh water found in soil and rock layers below Earth’s surface is called 47) The energy for the water cycle originally comes from the 48) Water moves from the atmosphere to Earth’s surface as rain, snow, and other forms of 49) A river and all of its tributaries make up a 50) A ridge of land that separates two watersheds is called a 51) An area of land that is covered with a shallow layer of water during some or all of the year is called a PRECIPITATION RIVER SYSTEM DIVIDE WETLAND

  11. EVERGLADES FLOODING 52) Many rare and endangered animals live in a unique wetland in Florida called the 53) Wetlands help prevent by absorbing runoff from heavy rains. 54) Beyond the edge of the continental shelf lies the zone, which is the deepest and darkest area of the ocean. 55) Crabs, lobsters and sponges are examples of or organisms that live on the ocean floor. 56) Algae can only live in parts of theocean that receive enough to allow them to carry out photosynthesis. 57) Animals in the zone must be able to survive periods of being exposed to air as well as periods of being underwater. OPEN OCEAN BENTHOS SUNLIGHT INTERTIDAL

  12. ESTUARIES MANGROVE FOREST 58) Inlets or bays where fresh and salt water mix are called 59)Short trees with strong, arching roots live in a type of coastal wetland called a 60) Many major fisheries are located in the zone because it receives sunlight and nutrients from the land. 61) Coral reefs are built by colonies of tiny 62) The organisms that form the base of open-ocean food webs are 63) A light microscope that has two or more lenses is called a microscope NERITIC ANIMALS/ORGANISMS ALGEA/PLANKTON COMPOUND

  13. CONVEX CELLS 64)A lens that is thicker in the center than at the edges is called a lens. 65) A microscope allowed Hook to see “tiny rectangular rooms” which he called 66) Cells are the basic unit of structure and in living things. 67) According to the cell theory, all organisms are made of 68) The sharpness of an image produced by a microscope is called 69) Small grain-like bodies called produce proteins inside cells FUNCTION CELLS RESOLUTION RIBOSOMES

  14. LYSOSOMES NUCLEUS 70) Organelles known as contain chemicals that break down food particles and old cell parts 71) Unlike an animal cell, the genetic material in a bacteria cell is not found in the 72) A structure found in plant and bacterial cells but not in animal cells is the cell 73) A is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. 74) Oxygen molecules move across cell membranes through a process called 75) The diffusion of molecules through a selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis. WALL TISSUE DIFFUSION WATER

  15. PUREBRED DOMINANT 76) A organism is the offspring of many generations of organisms that have the same trait. 77) If a allele is present, its trait will appear in the organism. 78) In pea plants, the tall-stem allele and the short stem allele are different forms of the same . 79) If D represents the dominant allele of a gene, then represents the recessive allele. 80) Mendel used the principles of to predict what percent of offspring will be Tt. 81) A chart used to predict results of genetic crosses is known as a GENE d PROBABILITY PUNNETT SQUARE

  16. 50 HOMOZYGEOUS 82) In a cross between two hybrid Tt pea plants, percent of the offspring will be Tt 83) An organism that has two dominant or two recessive alleles is said to be for that trait. 84) Alleles that are neither dominant or recessive produce an inheritance pattern known as 85) Genes are carried from parents to their offspring on structures called 86) The process in which a parent cell divides twice to produce sex cells is called 87) If all of the sex cells of an organism have the T allele the genotype of that organism must be CODOMINANCE CHROMOSOMES MEIOSIS TT

  17. MUTATION HOMOZYGOUS 88) The substitution of one base for another during DNA replication is an example of 89) An organism can be heterozygous for some traits and for others 90) Plants make their own food using energy that comes from the 91) A change in DNA is called a 92) A cell’s nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei during the stage of the cell cycle known as 93) The chromosomes in a pair may each have different for each gene. SUN MUTATION MITOSIS ALLELE

  18. ENVIRONMENT RECESSIVE SPECIES 94) A persons surroundings, or , can change the effects of a persons genes. 95) A carrier is a person who has one allele for a trait. 96) Organisms belonging to the same can usually mate and produce fertile offspring. 97) An inherited characteristic that improves an organisms chances to survive and reproduce is a 98) In the process of natural selection, the organisms that are best suited to their environments are most likely to survive and 99) Natural selection is affected by , or traits that are different in members of the same species. ADAPTATION REPRODUCE VARIATIONS

  19. GENES CROSSBREEDING 100) The only traits that can be acted upon by natural selection are those that are controlled by 101)A selective breeding technique called has been used to breed purebred horses. 102) A new can form when a group of individuals become isolated from the main group 103) If each of ten events is equally likely to occur, the probability of each individual event occurring is percent. 104) Almost all living things depend on the process of to supply them with the energy they need. 105) Chloroplasts contain a pigment called that captures the energy in light. SPECIES 10 PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHLOROPHYLL

  20. REPLICATION NUTRITION 106) Is the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA 107) Improvements in can alter the effects of genes on height. 108) An egg that is fertilized by a sperm cell with an chromosome will develop into a female. 109) A gene is said to have multiple alleles if it has more than alleles. X 2

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