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Modern Africa Monday 5-2-2011

Modern Africa Monday 5-2-2011. RAP - What event happened on Sunday that makes many people feel that justice was served? - Do you feel that justice is served or that we can feel safer?. Africa Today Ch. 23.2: pages 711-715. North Africa Algeria

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Modern Africa Monday 5-2-2011

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  1. Modern AfricaMonday 5-2-2011 RAP - What event happened on Sunday that makes many people feel that justice was served? - Do you feel that justice is served or that we can feel safer?

  2. Africa TodayCh. 23.2: pages 711-715 • North Africa • Algeria • Military leaders took control but fighting soon developed between the government and the Islamic opposition. • Since 1999 they have promised to cooperate.

  3. Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya • Since the 1980s and 90s, Morocco and Tunisia had strong stable governments. • Libya has had Qaddafi in power and has had problems or issues with the West. • In 1999, he agreed to turn over two fugitives accused of blowing up a Pan Am airliner in 1988, over Lockabie Scotland. • Terrorist activities • Current civil unrest.

  4. Nigeria • Military rule • Relied on oil for economic prosperity • 1970s—Nigeria grew wealthy from oil. • Military leaders set goals to rebuild thecountry.

  5. Democratic Republic of the Congo • Country’s name changed to Zaire • Mobutu Sese Seko dictator • Rebellion took hold by guerrilla forces in 1996. • In May 1997, Mobutu gave up power and fled abroad…Laurent Kabila named himself the new leader and changed the name to …. Democratic Republic of the Congo. • Kabila banned political parties. • In 1998 rebels tried to overthrow Kabila--- peace talks began in 1999.

  6. Rwanda and Burundi • Ethnic tensions turned to violent conflict during the 1990s. • Under Belgian colonial rule • Tutsi were favored over Hutu • Independence in 1962 • Hutu left to rule • In 1994— • Hutu led Rwandan government battled Tutsi guerrillas. • Genocide—Hutu killed more than 500,000 people • In 1996– conflict broke out in Burundi between the Tusi led government and Hutu rebels.

  7. Ethiopia and Somalia • Civil war and drought in the 1990s. • Somalia • Civil war • Rival clans • 1992 UN coalition of military forces led by the US to protect relief organizations. • 1995, coalition forces had withdrawn from Somalia– famine, rival clan leaders fighting, no peace.

  8. Challenges in Africa • Unity • Pan-Africanism – African leaders sought to promote cooperation among all nations of the continent. • 1963-formed the Organization of African Unity (OAU) • Backed nationalist movements to rid themselves of colonialism. • Goals –economic growth and development • Plan to create an all-African free trade area

  9. Challenges • Economic development • Move from rural economies into world of mining, manufacturing, and service industries. • Learn to read and write • Repair infrastructure • Get away from colonial legacy • Cash crops—grown for profit and exported • Leaders tried to remedy the imbalance from only one or two resources—get rid of one-product economies. • Towards socialism and away from capitalism=colonialism.

  10. Challenges • Soaring population • Disease – Aids • Severe droughts • Desertification – the transformation of fertile areas into desert. • Erosion – due to overgrazing livestock, planting and harvesting trees.

  11. HOPE • Literacy rates are up. • Education is helping to raise the standard of living. • Realize they need to produce their own food, its own tools, its own weapons….need to rely on themselves. • Artists and writers have built on the foundation of African pride to help deal with modern problems.

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