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2. Safety Training for theFocus Four Hazardsin the Construction Industry

3. Disclaimer/Usage Notes • Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance with applicable OSHA/MSHA/FHWA requirements. • It is not the intent of the content developers to provide compliance-based training in this presentation, the intent is more to address hazard awareness in the construction and mining industry, and to recognize the overlapping hazards present in many workplaces. • It should NOT be assumed that the suggestions, comments, or recommendations contained herein constitute a thorough review of the applicable standards, nor should discussion of “issues” or “concerns” be construed as a prioritization of hazards or possible controls. Where opinions (“best practices”) have been expressed, it is important to remember that safety issues in general and jobsites specifically will require a great deal of site- or hazard-specificity – a “one size fits all” approach is not recommended, nor will it likely be very effective.

4. Disclaimer/Usage Notes (continued) • No representation is made as to the thoroughness of the presentation, nor to the exact methods of remediation to be taken. It is understood that site conditions vary constantly, and that the developers of this content cannot be held responsible for safety problems they did not address or could not anticipate, nor those which have been discussed herein or during physical presentation. It is the responsibility of the employer, its subcontractors, and its employees to comply with all pertinent rules and regulations in the jurisdiction in which they work. • It is assumed that individuals using this presentation or content to augment their training programs will be “qualified” to do so, and that said presenters will be otherwise prepared to answer questions, solve problems, and discuss issues with their audiences. • Areas of particular concern (or especially suited to discussion) have additional information provided in the “notes” section of slides throughout the program…as a presenter, you should be prepared to discuss all of the potential issues/concerns, or problems inherent in those photos particularly.

5. Machine Guarding • Four Types of Guards • Fixed • Interlocked • Adjustable • Self-Adjusting • CITATIONS No guard on grinders. Wrong speed or unknown speed on grinding wheel

6. Machine Guarding • Major Points • Mortar mixer must have guarding over the open face. Many manufacturer sell retrofit guards. • Mechanical hazards can be found at the point of operation, the power transmission apparatus or at the area of transverse motion.

7. Machine Guarding • Fatalities • Many fatalities have resulted from employees getting caught in rotating shafts such as well boring drills & lathes.

8. Machine Guarding • Fixed Guards • A permanent part of the machine • Not dependent on any other part to perform the function • Usually made of sheet metal, screen, bars or other material which will withstand the anticipated impact • Generally considered the preferred type of guard. • Simple and durable

9. Machine Guarding • Interlocked Guard • Usually connected to a mechanism that will cut off the power automatically • Could use electrical, mechanical or hydraulic systems • Should rely on a manual reset system

10. Machine Guarding • Adjustable Guard • Very flexible to accommodate various types of stock. • Manually adjusted

11. Machine Guarding • Self-Adjusting • The opening is determined by the movement of the stock through the guard. • Does not always provide maximum protection. • Common complaint- reduced visibility at the point of operation.... “I can’t see what I’m doing!”

12. Subpart O - Machinery & Machine Guarding (1910.211 - 222) Machine guards - General 212(a)(1) 1,726 Grinders - Tongue guards 215(b)(9) 1,491 Pulleys Standard: 1910. 219(d)(1) 1,285 Point of operation 212(a)(3)(ii) 1,100 Grinders - Work rests 215(a)(4) 1,027

13. Machine Guarding • This picture, taken through a window, shows an unguarded saw blade.

14. Machine Guarding • Once inside the building, we find more violations. An ungrounded plug, an electrical cord with an illegal splice. • Don’t let these violations sneak up on you!

15. Machine Guarding • This shows a pulley system which has correct guards to keep fingers and tools away from pinch points.

16. Machine Guarding • This grinder has a fixed guard on the side to keep fingers away from the moving grind stone

17. Machine Guarding • This is an example of a self-adjusting guard that automatically moves to accommodate different size stock. • Note the unguarded pulley underneath.

18. Machine Guarding • This is an example of an adjustable guard. • The operator must move the guard to accommodate different size stock on this band saw.

19. Machine Guarding • Transmission sources such as this should be guarded to keep hands and arms out of them.

20. Machine Guarding • This machine is using a gate system to keep hands out of the point of operation area.

21. Machine Guarding • Bench Grinders require a work rest with a maximum clearance of 1/8 inch to insure that the work does not get drawn into the grinding wheel.

22. Machine Guarding • The top clearance on a bench grinder should not exceed 1/4 inch.

23. Machine Guarding • This wood working device has an adjustable guard that moves as the wood is fed into it.

24. Machine Guarding • When working closely with wood cutting machines, a push stick can keep your fingers on the end of your hands!!

25. Machine Guarding • This saw has: • a blade guard • anti kickback device • It should have a retracting device to automatically bring the saw back into position

26. Machine Guarding • This worker is protected from the moving blade by an adjustable guard.

27. Machine Guarding • Moving wheels are guarded with cover plates. • Adjustable guard on the blade at the point of operation.

28. Machine Guarding • A shield of safety glass prevents sparks and particles from striking the worker. • Rotating shafts are required to have guards on them.

29. Machine Guarding • This machine is using a wire guard to stop the machine when a worker gets too close.

30. Machine Guarding • Instead of having the worker pick the finished product out of the die with their fingers, this system uses an automatic device to push the product out of the die.

31. Machine Guarding • This machine ejects the finished product automatically.

32. Machine Guarding • In order to operate this press the operator must push both buttons at the top of the machine. • This insures that his hands are not in the point of operation area when the press activates.

33. Machine Guarding • The operator must press both of the control buttons at the same time to operate this press.

34. Machine Guarding • This operate has wrist cuffs attached to her arms to keep her from putting them in harms way. • Some versions will automatically pull the operators hands back when the press cycles.

35. Machine Guarding • This cable will stop the machine when it is pulled.

36. Machine Guarding • The tripod type bar on top of this machine can be grabbed by a worker to stop the machine.

37. Machine Guarding • This safety bar will stop the machine if the worker gets too close to the operation area.

38. Machine Guarding • Robots can be deadly. • Establish a system to keep humans from getting into the robots work area. • Maintenance workers must use a lockout system.