12.2

1. 12.2

2. Kinship • Relationship between people that share some form of common origin

3. Fictive • Creating a family like bond with friends that are not actual blood bond

4. Pidgin • Slave language that combined several languages with English as a way to communicate

5. Discussion Question #1 • 1700-African, Male, 20’s, worked on small farms, African languages and customs remained (inhumane treatment on slave ships led to natural population increase issues) • 1800’s-50/50 male-female ratio, knew some English, Plantations, social factors increased (marriage) • ***1808 U.S. Congress banned importation of slaves***

6. Discussion Question #2 • Worked on a large plantation • Early morning till late at night • Mostly (men and women) working in the fields • Some women worked in the house (cooking, cleaning, tending to the children) • Violent discipline • A few slaves would learn trades (iron work, carpentry, etc.)

7. Discussion Question #3 • Slave owners encouraged marriage amongst slaves (more slaves and lower threat of running away) • Slave families were often times broken up if slaves were sold • To combat the breaking up of immediate families, slaves formed kinship bonds and formed fictive relationships

8. Discussion Question #4 • U.S. slaves had better health and higher natural population growth than in other areas of the world that had slavery • Cotton cultivation went hand-in-hand, with corn and livestock=more food available for slaves • Despite higher life expectancies than other slaves around the world, in the U.S., whites outlived slaves in the 19th century (especially prevalent in infant mortality rate)

9. Discussion Question #5 • Sometimes slaves would be “hired” to do industrial or artisan work • Southern industry did have a shortage of white laborers in the 19th century • Slaves and free blacks had more opportunities to do industrialized labor in the south because of less immigrant labor • Slaves treated better than the immigrants who worked in southern industries

10. Discussion Question #6 • A lot of free blacks in the south lived in the few southern cities • Provided more job opportunities • Discrimination and Prejudice kept most free blacks as lower members of society in the south • Some interracial issues (light skinned vs. dark skinned) emerged in the ante bellum south

11. Discussion Question #7 • Poor treatment of slaves led to forms of insurrection • Whites feared slave uprisings (only uprising to kill whites was Nat Turner’s) • Slaves started to “run-away” in the 1800’s (Underground Railroad), still fewer than 1,000 slaves escaped to the north in the 1800’s • Other forms of resistance=theft, damaging tools, arson, poisoning members of the masters family

12. Discussion Question #8 • Slave Culture • Language • Religion • Music and Dance