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The Rock Cycle

Explore the rock cycle and learn about the different types of rocks - igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Discover how rocks are transformed through weathering, erosion, and geological processes. Gain insights into the layers of the Earth and plate tectonics.

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The Rock Cycle

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  1. The Rock Cycle Thinking about relationships among the major rock groups

  2. Vocabulary Types of rocks: • Igneous • Metamorphic • Sedimentary How rocks are changed: • Chemical weathering • Physical weathering • Metamorphism Layers of the Earth: • Core • Mantle • Crust Movement: • Convection • Earthquake • Subduction zone • Transform fault

  3. Layers of the Earth

  4. Plate Tectonics

  5. Convection

  6. Sea-floor Spreading

  7. Major Rock Groups • Igneous • Formed from a melt (molten rock) • Plutonic (intrusive):slow cooling and crystallization • Volcanic (extrusion): quick cooling at the surface

  8. Sedimentary • Formed at the Earth’s surface • Clastic (Mineral Fragments or grains, clays) • Chemical (crystalline chemical/biochemical precipitates) • Metamorphic • Changed by pressure, temperature and fluids.

  9. Rock Cycle Recall 1. How does the center of the earth heat the oceans? Convection 2. What are the three different types of rocks? Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic

  10. Fig. 2.9 MAGMA

  11. IGNEOUS Crystallization MAGMA

  12. IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization MAGMA

  13. Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization MAGMA

  14. Weathering Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  15. SEDIMENT SEDIMENT Weathering Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  16. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  17. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  18. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Burial Uplift MAGMA

  19. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Can you see any shortcuts? SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

  20. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

  21. When magma crystallizes it forms what type of rock? Igneous • When this type of rock melts it forms magma? Metamorphic

  22. In Conclusion… • The rock cycle demonstrates the relationships among the three major rock groups • It is powered by the interior heat of the Earth • As well as earth’s momentum and… • The energy from the sun • It involves processes on the Earth’s surface as well as the Earth’s interior • It connects the “hydrologic cycle” with the “tectonic cycle”.

  23. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

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