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SENSE RELATIONS

SEMANTIC RELATIONS SEMANTICS 304 FIRST SEMESTER-131 MS. SAHAR DEKNASH Yanbu University College. SENSE RELATIONS. HYPONYMY

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SENSE RELATIONS

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  1. SEMANTIC RELATIONS SEMANTICS 304 FIRST SEMESTER-131 MS. SAHAR DEKNASH Yanbu University College SENSE RELATIONS

  2. HYPONYMY Hyponymy involves the logical relationship of inclusion. For instance, the meaning of “animal” is included in the meaning of lion, goat, dog and so on. The term “animal” is the upper term known as the SUPERORDINATE while the lower term is called the HYPONYM.

  3. Superordinate TermsHyponyms Reptiles lizards, geckos, snakes, chameleons, Crocodiles Color blue, red, green, white, yellow Stationery books, biros, pencils, rulers Flower tulip, rose,

  4. Meronymy A term that is used to describe a part-whole relationship between lexical items. A has B means that B is part of A. – A human has an arm – An arm has a hand. – A hand has a finger So, ( arm, leg, body, elbow, hand, finger) are all meronyms of human. Cover, and page are meronyms of book, root and stem are meronyms of a plant.

  5. Member-collection This is a relationship between the word for a unit and the usual word for a collection of units. Word Collective word ship fleet tree forest fish shoal book library bird flock sheep herd

  6. Portion-mass A relationship between a mass noun and the usual unit of measurement or division. Ex. Drop of water Grain of salt/sand/wheat Sheet of paper Lump of coal Strand of hair

  7. Homonymy A semantic relation that describes a word that has unrelated senses. There are two types of homonymy:

  8. Homophones:when words have the same pronunciation regardless their spelling with different senses. wring ring Night knight Not knot

  9. Homographs: words that have the same spelling regardless their pronunciation with different senses.

  10. Polysemy: It is a word that is derived from the Greek word poly (many) and semia (related to meaning). A word or an expression that has multiple meanings that are related conceptually or historically. It is also called radiation or multiplication

  11. Examples: diamond a. geometric shape b. baseball field guard a. a person who guards b. a group of soldiers c. a person who is in charge of a train bank a. financial institution b. side of the river

  12. In Arabic we say: فتح طارق الاندلس فتح طارق الباب

  13. Metonymy: A word that has been taken from the Greek word metonumia which means a change of name. It is used as a figure of speech when a concept is not called by its name, but the name it is intimately associated with.

  14. Metonymy: Ex. 1. The word Crown is used for the king or royalty. 2. The white House refers to the US government. 3. 10 Dawning Street refers to the British government.

  15. Metonymy: 4. Wall Street refers to American stock market. 5. Pentagon refer to US Ministry of Defense. 6. Kremlin refers to the Russian Government House.

  16. Retronymy: Is a new name given for an object or concept to differentiate the original form or version of it from the more recent form or version. Much retronyms are driven by advances in technology.

  17. Retronymy: • Examples: • * Acoustic guitar (coined after electric guitar) • * Analogy watch (coined after digital watch) • Biological parent (adopted parent) • Hard copy ( soft copy) • Snail mail ( email) • Whole milk ( low- fat)

  18. THANK YOU

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