Escaping Slavery

1. Escaping Slavery NicholetteWorgs Christina Santiago Thea De Guzman

2. Preview • What did Harriet Tubman contributed to slavery?

3. Origin of Slavery • Where did it begin? • It existed in ancient Greece, Rome, Egypt and China • Slaves were used for hard work, household servantry, military respite and even ritual human sacrifices. • British Colonization in America • Brought 20 enslaved Africans into America by a Dutch ship • Brought in for the new colonization known as the Virginia Colony in Jamestown • Slavery in America • America needed slavery to work on: • Tobacco, sugar, rice, cotton plantations…etc • About 500,000 enslaved Africans were transferred to America

4. Division of the North and South • Missouri Compromise 1850 • James Tallamage proposed the prohibition of slaves for Missouri • Slaves was prohibited North of latitude 36°30‘ • Compromise: reflected the growing opposition between slave and free states • North- against slavery • South- for slavery due to the need of enslavement for their plantations

6. Whathappentoslaveswho escape and werecapturedagain? • Slavesseverelypunished • Runawaysweresoldtothe South • Harderforslavesbecause of distancefromthe North • Other times, slaveswerebeaten and do extremelyhardwork • Notusuallykilledbecausetheywerevaluableproperty. • Peoplewhohelpwerefinedorimprisoned Illustrated by William W. Brown, this is a picture of a slave who is hiding in a tree so that he won't be captured and down below is the owner, horse and bloodhound chasing after him.

7. WhySlaves Escape • Slaverywas cruel • Unhappylife and harshtreatment • Nothingtoeat • No warmclothes • A decent place tolive • Beatened and tortured • Findfamilymembers • Reconnectwithfamilysoldawayfromthem • Notlikelythatslavesfindtheirfamilies • Gave up and returntotheirplantationowners • Wantedfreedom and livetheirownlife • Maketheirownmoney • Live wheretheychose • Live withtheirfamily

8. Continue… Punishment • Slaves were punished for: • Resisting slavery • Using their own language • Not working hard enough • Stealing • Murdering Whites • Attempting to runaway • How were they punished? • Punishment is based on how big the crime was… • They were often put into shackles or contraptions or chained to the grounds • Owners used slave whip and chains, force to walk in treadmills and even hanged.. This is Thomas Johnson holding the slave whip and chains used to torture and punish slaves.

9. "there arose in some an irrepressible desire for freedom which no danger or power could restrain, no hardship deterred, and no bloodhound could alarm. This desire haunted them night and day; they talked about it to each other in confidence; they knew that the system which bound them was as unjust as it was cruel, and that they ought to strive, as a duty to themselves and their children, to escape from it".  Escaping From Walter Hawkins point of view, he is stating that slaves wanted to runaway and how confident they were therefore they could not stop talking about it.

10. Extraordinarydisguises • Henry “Box” Brown mailed himself to freedom, traveling to Philadelphia in a wooden cratedisguised as cargo. • He was in the box for 26 hours • Other runaways started to follow this idea. • William and Ellen Craft, from Macon, Georgia, disguised themselves as slave and a master • Ellen Craft was able to pass for white. • She dressed as an elderly man with an ailment which covered her feminine features • William Craft played a servant • They successfully escape to Boston

11. Did You Know? • Harriet Tubman made 19 trips to the South to help 300+ slaves escape to the North. • 80-90% of runaways were male and usually in their mid-twenties. • Thomas Garrett, a famous white man who conducted the Underground Railroad, help 2,700 slaves escape. • William Still, who is referred as the “Father of the Underground Railroad” recorded detailed information about 649 escaped slaves in his journal which is now a book called “The Underground Rail Road: A Record of Facts, Authentic Narratives, Letters, &c”

12. Harriet Tubman • Who was she? • Harriet Tubman was born a slave in Maryland in the year of 1822 • Was the 11th child of Harriet Green and Benjamin Ross • She was denied to receive education because slave owners did not want their slaves to be literate. • She risked her own life to fight for freedom and justice. • She led about 19 escape missions to save slaves. • She was known as “Moses” • She took the runaways through the Underground Railroad which was a network that took runaways from South to the free states up North. • There was about 50,000 slaves that escaped through the Underground Railroad.

13. Discovery • These are pictures taken from a farm house in Chester County by the owner who believes that it may have been markings that relates to the Underground Railroad activities.