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Appraisal

Appraisal. Language Choices related to Tenor. Modality probability usuality obligation inclination. Negotiation speech functions Appraisal attitude - affect - judgement - appreciation graduation Involvement naming swearing. Modality.

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Appraisal

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  1. Appraisal Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  2. Language Choices related to Tenor • Modality • probability • usuality • obligation • inclination • Negotiation • speech functions • Appraisal • attitude • - affect • - judgement • - appreciation • graduation • Involvement • naming • swearing Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  3. Modality Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  4. Language Choices related to Tenor • Negotiation • speech functions • Appraisal • attitude • - affect • - judgement • - appreciation • graduation • Involvement • naming • swearing • Modality • probability • usuality • obligation • inclination Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  5. affect: to build empathy and suspense • Genres • Narratives, literary recounts and media stories (not valued in factual texts) to involve readers and listeners Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  6. attitude - affect - judgement - appreciation • affect: to build empathy and suspense • positive and negative • degrees of intensity Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  7. Indirect Expressions of Affect • While it is often expressed by a single word or phrase, Affect can also be expressed by clauses. e.g. As he sat in the dentist’s waiting room, Wayne crossed and uncrossed his legs several times. • In context, this clause tells the reader Wayne was nervous rather than just suffering sore legs or wanting to go to the toilet. • The same feeling could be realised through the use of a similar or metaphor. e.g. Shaking like a leaf, Wayne waited for the dentist. Wayne felt butterflies in his stomach as he waited for the dentist. Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  8. Read this text and identify words and expressions used to show Affect A large black cloud hung over Bojan upon his arrival at the clinic. The young boy sheepishly knocked on the door. His stomach churned as he reluctantly turned the handle, but he still pushed on. His fear was almost overwhelming when the man in a white coat stood up and walked towards him. A miserable Bojan resigned himself to his fate, but when the nurse announced that his dental appointment had been postponed he was overjoyed. Delighted, Bojan beamed as wished the nurse goodbye and then skipped out the doors. He whistled as he gleefully strutted down the sunny street. Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  9. Read this text and identify words and expressions used to show Affect A large black cloud hung over Bojan upon his arrival at the clinic. The young boy sheepishly knocked on the door. His stomach churned as he reluctantly turned the handle, but he still pushed on. His fear was almost overwhelming when the man in a white coat stood up and walked towards him. A miserable Bojan resigned himself to his fate, but when the nurse announced that his dental appointment had been postponed he was overjoyed. Delighted, Bojan beamed as wished the nurse goodbye and then skipped out the doors. He whistled as he gleefully strutted down the sunny street. Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  10. Plot the Affect language used at different stages of the story to express degrees of happiness Happiness A large black cloud hung over Bojan Arriving and entering Seeing nurse Hearing nurse Leaving Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  11. Plot the Affect language used at different stages of the story to express degrees of happiness Delighted Beamed Skipped Whistled Gleefully strutted Sunny overjoyed Happiness His fear was almost overwhelming Miserable Resigned himself to his fate A large black cloud hung over Bojan Sheepishly His stomach churned Arriving and entering Seeing nurse Hearing nurse Leaving Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  12. judgement: judge what people do • Genres • Expositions and biographical recounts to influence reader’s opinion • Narrative and recount to build descriptions of characters so reader builds strong relationship • Review to make evaluations of character’s attitude and behaviour Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  13. attitude - affect - judgement - appreciation • judgement: judge what people do • social esteem - social sanction • positive and negative - degrees of intensity Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  14. Re-read this text and make a judgement about Bojan’s character by answering the Social Esteem and Social Sanction questions A large black cloud hung over Bojan upon his arrival at the clinic. The young boy sheepishly knocked on the door. His stomach churned as he reluctantly turned the handle, but he still pushed on. His fear was almost overwhelming when the man in a white coat stood up and walked towards him. A miserable Bojan resigned himself to his fate, but when the nurse announced that his dental appointment had been postponed he was overjoyed. Delighted, Bojan beamed as wished the nurse goodbye and then skipped out the doors. He whistled as he gleefully strutted down the sunny street. Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  15. Some Judgements of Bojan Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  16. Affect Versus Judgement • Therefore, while the author has described his character, Bojan, as nervous, afraid or scared and then delighted, a reader could judge the character as being a normal boy who can be brave and polite. Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  17. appreciation: assessment of of objects, texts, appearance, phenomena • Genres • Description and personal response to focus on emotional response of writer / speaker • Narrative to set the scene • Review to evaluate books, artworks, films as constructed texts Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  18. attitude - affect - judgement - appreciation • appreciation: assessment of • of objects, texts, appearance, phenomena • positive and negative - degrees of intensity expressions of appreciation can be both positive and negative: traditional Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  19. What is different about Appreciation? • When students are asked to show Appreciation of things (man-made or natural), they need to be explicitly taught the criteria upon which they are expected to make this assessment and a range of words to show this. • If they rely upon words that show Affect or Judgement, their work will be less successful Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  20. What is different about Appreciation? • When asked to evaluate a piece of furniture they have built, how effective would it be for them to use those words that describe someone’s level of happiness (e.g. sad, miserable, delighted) or security (e.g. fearful) or their social esteem (e.g. weak, cowardly) or social sanction (e.g. kind, dishonest)? • Even if they did use “weak” they should not be using it to judge the furniture’s social esteem (e.g. indecisive, incapable). Instead they should be using it to assess its physical strength (e.g. brittle, structurally fragile, easily broken) Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  21. Task Write an evaluation of the witch in the play. Give your opinion and comment upon the acting and costume. Student Text The play was scary. The witch was very nasty. She made the audience feel afraid. Her costume was good. I liked the play. Language of Appreciation1.Does this student text use Appreciation?2. How could it be improved? Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  22. An example using Language of Appreciation Student Text The play was lots of fun, because it was scary. She was very nasty and her costume was grubby and yucky so the witch was almost real and she made the audience feel afraid. It was worth watching. Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  23. Applying it • Reflect upon a film you have seen recently or a product you recently purchased • Add some specific sub-questions under the general Composition question “Was it well constructed?” • Was it well written? • Was it well filmed? • Is it safe enough? • Is it strong enough? Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  24. Applying it • Add some possible negative and positive words for each sub-question • Use this planning to write this part of a review or evaluation Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  25. graduation: direct One of the distinguishing features of evaluative language is that it can be graded up or down. Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  26. graduation: indirect • What is the core word in the second row? • Distribute the words in brackets to show if they are more or less intense versions of walk and flow. Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  27. graduation: indirect Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  28. Appraisal across the ESL Scales Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  29. Teaching Strategies • Develop separate general vocabulary lists for Affect, Judgement and Appreciation • Rewrite the same text or texts about the same topic for Affect, Judgement and Appreciation • Cloze activity to focus upon Affect, Judgement or Appreciation depending upon the task • Distribute and discuss tables on slides 6, 13 and 18 Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  30. Teaching Strategies • Identify Affect, Judgement or Appreciation language in different parts of model texts • Use clines to show graduation • Teacher scribes whole class combining of appraisal and modality (e.g. The mobile is likely to be safe and inexpensive.) • Analyse tasks to develop sets of specific questions (and vocabulary) to guide student responses • Rewrite texts that include meaningless language like “good” and “bad”. Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  31. Professional Learning • The Teaching ESL Students in Mainstream Classrooms (TESMC) course and the HowLanguage Works course both raise teacher awareness of the importance of nominalisation in schooling and build their capacity to explicitly teach it • ESL Regional Consultants also offer training Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

  32. Literacy SecretariatLiteracy is everyone’s business

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