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Mycenaeans(Greece Mainland): 1,900-1,100 BCE Ancient Greece: 750-300 BCE. Pre-Ancient Greece. Mt. Olympus. Mycenae. Minoan (Crete). Government = Monarchy -high walls on top of huge hills. Polytheistic = Buried in tombs called tholo s on high mountains.
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Mycenaeans(Greece Mainland): 1,900-1,100 BCE Ancient Greece: 750-300 BCE
Pre-Ancient Greece Mt. Olympus Mycenae . Minoan (Crete)
Government = Monarchy -high walls on top of huge hills. Polytheistic = Buried in tombs called tholos on high mountains. Motives = Valued war & conquering others
Hera Athena Aphrodite
Helen of Sparta / Troy was said to have been the catalyst for The Trojan War.
Why is there a need for the story of Helen?Is it based on truth?From who’s perspective?What human theme is it revealing?
Mycenae In approximately 1250 BCE, Menaleus, King of Mycenae and allies of neighboring areas interested in Asia Minor, set sail for the city of Troy. Their mission? To retrieve Menaleus’ wife, Helen, who had been taken from him by the prince of Troy, named Paris. This attack launched a 10 year conflict between the two civilizations depleting resources, trade investments, lives and culture for a decade. In the end, neither civilization prospered, progressed and both societies declined dramatically after 1100 BCE.
S - Solomon = WisdomH - Hercules = StrengthA - Atlas = StaminaZ - Zeus = PowerA - Achilles = CourageM - Mercury = Speed
…But by 1100 BCE war with each other and a series of bad earthquakes sent the empire spiraling downward. For the next 350 years Greek Civilization lived in their own Dark Ages.
By 750 BCE a revival of Greek City States Emerged. Bosporus Straight Byzantium * Hellespont Straight
These City States prospered because of the amount of ports they Had. They exported wine, pottery, and olive oil and imported Grains and metals from the west, & fish, timber, wheat, metals and slaves from the Black Sea region. Old aristocrats who had power because of land were now being threatened by new Wealthier merchants who wanted power. Tyrants took over by force. Who would support these guys: other wealthy people & the poor Peasants in debt to land holding aristocrats. They gained power And kept it by hired soldiers. Once in power they launched public work projects to increase the Tyrant’s popularity. Pretty soon this life really sucks because it Became too oppressive. Rule of law and ideal became important …some moved to gov. by the people some by the few…oligarchy
Greek Independent Polis Democracy Oligarchy “By the people” or A few powerful rulers Rule of the many …With the enlightenment of free thinking, and a blending of various trading partners, the people of Greece became very powerful.
POLIS Like “Metropolis” Parthenon Acropolis Agora
When iron became more abundant and replaced expensive bronze weapons, more steel weapons were in the hands of the Greek people or hoplites
This fearsome formation of the military was known as a phalanx.
Athens Allowed the people to assemble and gave in to their ideas and Demands of the people. SPARTA After having to put down a rebellion of the Helots (the working class), Spartan Rulers decided to have a military state.
-government was an oligarchy headed by two kings, who led the army. A group of 5 men known as the Ephors were elected each year and responsible for the education of the youth.-28 male citizens over 60 made up the council who only voted w/ no debate. Sparta “Highly Self Disciplined”gained city-state status in 730 BCE-Men enter the military at age 20 & lived in the barracks until they are 30.- They stayed in the military until they were 60.-They did not fear death.-Spartan woman stayed at home. Freedom to travel throughout Greece, and had more power than other women in Greece.-They had to remain fit and raise healthy children. • No one could travel outside to foreign are as and foreigners were not allowed in.- They were discouraged from studying literature, philosophy, history and art.
Athens Gained city state status in 700 BCE A reformed minded aristocrat named Solon (594 BCE) was given sole power of the oligarchy because of the serious economic problems arising in Athens and civil war seemed Likely. Solon canceled all debts, but didn’t want to force the rich to give land to the poor, so he was overthrown by people that did Otherwise known as tyranny. It wasn’t until 510 BCE when Cleisthenes, backed by many Athenians gained control. He ordered an assembly of 500 members to make up an Athenian council, comprised of all men to represent the people. The assembly passed laws which were to benefit the people. Laws typically prohibited woman as well as slaves from voting, or traveling or working outside of the home or owning land.
Mycenaeans (2000 BCE) Phoenicians (1100 BCE), Greeks (600 BCE)
Assyrian hostel takeover of Babylon The Assyrian strategy for conquest depended heavily on psychological warfare. They would first send their "cup-bearers” the representatives of the king to try and persuade a city to surrender without a fight. If this failed, the Assyrian army would then surround the city and shout at the defenders, trying to convince them that resistance was useless. Woe to the people who still refused to capitulate, for if forced to fight, the Assyrians would then bring out their giant wheeled siege towers and enormous armored battering rams to breach the city walls.
In 721 BCE, the Assyrian army captured the Israelite capital at Samaria and carried away the citizens of the northern kingdom into captivity. The virtual destruction of Israel left the southern kingdom, Judah, o fend for itself in the whirlwind of warring Near Eastern kingdoms. At the time of Samaria's fall, there existed two kings in Judah — Ahaz and his son Hezekiah — who ruled as co-regents. Judah existed as a vassal to Assyria during this time and was forced to pay an annual tribute to the powerful empire.In 715 BCE, following the death of Ahaz, Hezekiah became the sole regent of Judah and initiated widespreadreligious changes, including the breaking of religious idols. He re-captured Philistine-occupied lands in the Negev desert, formed alliances with Ashkelon and Egypt, and made a stand against Assyria by refusing to pay tribute. In response, Sennacherib attacked Judah, laying siege on Jerusalem.
Column I “Sennacherib, the great king, the mighty king, king of the universe, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters (of the earth); the wise ruler (lit. shepherd, "pastor"), favorite of the great gods, guardian of the right, lover of justice; who lends support, who comes to the aid of the needy, who turns (his thoughts) to pious deeds; perfect hero, mighty man; first among all princes, the powerful one who consumes the insubmissive, who strikes the wicked with the thunderbolt; the god Assur, the great mountain, an unrivaled kingship has entrusted to me, and above all those who dwell in palaces, has made powerful my weapons; from the upper sea of the setting sun to the lower sea of the rising sun, all humankind (the black-headed race) he has brought in submission at my feet and mighty kings feared my warfare –” Column 4 “I slew the governors and nobles who had committed sin (that is, rebelled), and hung their bodies on stakes around the city. The citizens who sinned and treated (Assyria) lightly, I counted as spoil. Padi, their king, I brought out of Jerusalem, set him on the royal throne over them and imposed upon him my kingly tribute. As for Hezekiah, the Jew, who did not submit to my yoke, 46 of his strong, walled cities, as well as the small cities in their neighborhood, which were without number,-by levelling with battering-rams and by bringing up siege-engines, by attacking and storming on foot, by mines, tunnels and breaches, I besieged and took (those cities). 200,150 people, great and small, male and female, horses, mules, asses, camels, cattle and sheep, without number, I brought away from them and counted as spoil. Himself, like a caged bird I shut up in Jerusalem his royal city.”
Assyrian Empire 700 BCE - 612 BCE The Assyrians Take over the Babylonians
Nebuchadnezzar 612 BCE“Nebuchadnezzar treacherously massacred the king. He then carried away into captivity 5,000 Judeans and 7,000 from the other tribes, including all the nobles and scholars of the city. “
