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Napoleon

Napoleon. Consulate to Empire… to Exile!. Consulate. New Constitution - Really set up Dictatorship ( gov’t headed by absolute ruler) Executive Branch - 3 Consuls Napoleon First Consul - Had concentrated power 1802 - Names himself Consul for Life

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Napoleon

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  1. Napoleon Consulate to Empire… to Exile!

  2. Consulate • New Constitution - Really set up Dictatorship (gov’t headed by absolute ruler) • Executive Branch - 3 Consuls • Napoleon First Consul - Had concentrated power • 1802 - Names himself Consul for Life • Approved byPlebiscite, popular vote (99.9%) Napoleon as Consul

  3. Reforms to Restore Order • Centralized Gov’t - replaced elected local officials with appointed men • Education Under Gov’t - universities, secondary schools • Bank of France - everyone paid taxes, gov’t made loans, leveled inflation • New Law Code...

  4. Napoleonic Code • New Law Code • Equality of all citizens before the law • Religious toleration • Advancement based on merit • Guaranteed trial by jury • BUT…

  5. Code Placed StateAbove Individual • Limited freedom of speech and press (Censorship!) • Codified Inferior Status of Women - Males given extensive authority over wives and children • Heavy taxes

  6. Concordat of 1801 • Napoleon acknowledged Catholic religion as the religion of the majority while keeping toleration of other religions • Napoleon named all bishops who swore allegiance to state, but Pope confirmed • Pope agreed to lost lands & state paid clergy

  7. 1804 - Napoleon Names Himself Emperor ofFrance! Crowns Himself Emperor as Charlemagne Did!

  8. The Empire • Great victories enable Napoleon to reorganize Europe (see map) • Holy Roman Empire Ended • Formed the Confederation of the Rhine (small German states) • Created Grand Duchy of Warsaw - Poland - out of some of Russian, Prussian & Austrian territory • Took over Spanish throne (Brother Joseph)

  9. Road to Ruin • Battle of Trafalgar - defeated by British • Continental System - Ordered all Eur. nations he conquered to stop trade with British - hurt them economically - FAILED • Spanish Rebellions - guerillas led attacks (hit and run) • resentment ignited feeling of nationalism - overthrew occupation • Invasion of Russia - Harsh winter weakened French - defeated by Russians • Battle of Leipzig - Last battle?- Napoleon’s Defeat

  10. Napoleon Abdicates; Exiled to Elba • BUT… Returns from exile and reigns again as emperor!!! THE 100 DAYS • Battle of Waterloo - Napoleon defeated(again!) by Great Britain, Prussia & Netherlands • Napoleon is exiled(again!) & placed under house arrest on island of Saint Helena • King Louis XVIII becomes King of France

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