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Understanding Waves: Sound, Speed, and Internal Reflection

This lesson covers the fundamentals of waves, focusing on sound and its properties. Students will explore how all sound is produced by vibrations, understand the relationships between pitch, wavelength, volume, and amplitude, and learn methods for calculating the speed of sound. Key concepts such as the wave equation, measuring critical angles for total internal reflection, and practical applications of sound waves in everyday communication will be discussed. Students will also complete a homework assignment to reinforce their understanding.

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Understanding Waves: Sound, Speed, and Internal Reflection

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  1. Force, Energy & Communication Lesson 13 & 14 WAVES

  2. Lesson objectives • Re-establish that all sound is caused by vibrations (waves) • Revise the links between pitch and wavelength; volume and amplitude. • Know a method for calculating the speed of sound • Learn the basic wave equation • Measure the critical angle for a glass block

  3. WAVES – the basics • Turn to p 158 of PHYSICS text book

  4. WAVES – the basics • Waves vibrate in a regular fashion.

  5. WAVES – the basics • All sound waves are caused by vibrations.

  6. WAVES – the basics • Waves can transfer energy or information from one place to another.

  7. WAVES – the basics • While the wave may transfer information or energy, it does not transfer matter.

  8. WAVES – the basics • Nearly all the information we transfer is done by waves e.g. sound, radio, mobile phones, tv, etc

  9. Measuring the speed of sound using the echo method

  10. Measuring the speed of sound using the echo method • Speed = distance / time

  11. Measuring the speed of sound using the echo method

  12. Measuring the speed of sound using the echo method

  13. Measuring the speed of sound using the echo method • Text book value for the speed of sound through air is…..

  14. Measuring the speed of sound using the echo method • Text book value for the speed of sound through air is…..330 m / s

  15. The Wave Equation A formula you are expected to KNOW!!

  16. The Wave Equation • Turn to page 171 in the text book.

  17. The Wave Equation • The wavelength ( )of a wave depends on two things: • 1 the frequency of the wave • 2 the speed of the wave

  18. The Wave Equation This can be expressed by the wave equation

  19. The Wave Equation This can be expressed by the wave equation speed (m/s)= frequency (Hz) X wavelength (m)

  20. The Wave Equation This can be expressed by the wave equation speed (m/s)= frequency (Hz) X wavelength (m) N.B. frequency is measured in Hertz (or kilohertz). Hertz is another way of saying the number of waves in a second. E.g. 30 Hz = 30 waves every second

  21. The Wave Equation • Copy out the example calculation off p171

  22. Total Internal Reflection • Refraction happens when light is coming out of something dense like glass or water. • If the angle of the light is shallow enough, the light ray won’t come out at all but reflects back into the dense substance. • This is called total internal reflection because all the light reflects back in. • The angle over which total internal reflection occurs is called the critical angle.

  23. The Wave Equation

  24. Measuring the critical angle • Follow the instructions on your experiment sheet.

  25. HOMEWORK • Complete all questions on the sheet on “Sound waves”. • Due in next Thursday

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