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Foundations for Physics Dr. Gluck Unit 1.1

Foundations for Physics Dr. Gluck Unit 1.1 Laws of Motion, Velocity, Displacement, and Acceleration PS 3-(9-11)-8a Text Chapter 1: Describing the Physical Universe. Guiding Questions. How is adding displacement different from adding distance?

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Foundations for Physics Dr. Gluck Unit 1.1

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  1. Foundations for Physics Dr. Gluck Unit 1.1 Laws of Motion, Velocity, Displacement, and Acceleration PS 3-(9-11)-8a Text Chapter 1: Describing the Physical Universe

  2. Guiding Questions • How is adding displacement different from adding distance? • How is calculating speed different from calculating velocity? • How is determining velocity different than determining speed or acceleration? • How can we determine position, speed, or velocity from a graph?

  3. Forces and MotionDescribing the Physical Universe • 1.1 What is Physics? • 1.2 Distance and Time • 1.3 Speed

  4. Chapter 1.1 Objectives and Vocabulary • natural law • experiment • analysis • mass • system • variable • macroscopic • scientific method • independent variable • dependent variable • hypothesis • controlled variable • experimental variable • model • Explain what makes up the universe. • Describe how the scientific method is used. • Explain the effects of energy on a system.

  5. What is Physics? • Finding the simplest and least complicated explanation. • Observe HOW things work. • Form connections between cause and effect.

  6. Everything around us Universe Matter Energy Has the ability to cause change Has mass and volume

  7. Frame of Reference • System to determine or measure position based on the motion/position of the observer.

  8. Natural Laws • All events in nature obey natural laws. • Natural laws do not change. • Consistency - reliability of successive results or events • Accuracy - how close is the result to the true value? • Natural laws are based on human experiences.

  9. Experimentation - carefully designed simulations that are used to analyze (interpret and understand) natural laws. • Experiments have variables - factors that effect the behavior of the experimental system. • 2 types of variables: • Experimental - looked at in the experiment • Independent Variable – controlled by YOU • Dependent Variable – changes based on IV • Control - something to compare the experimental variable to..

  10. What are the variables? • Independent variable • Dependent variable

  11. System- collection of matter and processes that occur in a certain space and can be studied.

  12. Energy of a System Energy is the ability to cause change. Energy can take on many forms. The forms of energy can change from one to another but the TOTAL amount of energy in a system is CONSTANT.

  13. Systems in nature want to be stable. Stability is important. In nature, stability means LOW ENERGY. Therefore, in nature, systems tend to go from higher energy levels toward lower energy levels in order to reach stability. This is true in all aspects of science.. HIGH E = UNSTABLE LOW E = STABLE

  14. Car is unstable due to its height. HIGH POTENTIAL ENERGY Car is more stable at a lower height LOW POTENTIAL ENERGY

  15. 1A Investigation: Time, Distance, and Speed Key Question: How is motion described and measured in Physics? *Students read text section 1.2 AFTER Investigation 1A

  16. 1A Investigation Topics • Learn uses and functions of CPO Timer and photogates. • Set car to travel at constant speed. • Measure time intervals. • Calculate speed from time interval measurements. • Graph position vs. timer for car traveling down track.

  17. Chapter 1.2 Objectives and Vocabulary • distance • length • English system • metric system • time interval • second • Express distance measurements in both English and metric units. • Measure time intervals in mixed units. • Distinguish between independent and dependent variables. • Construct graphs. • Convert between different units of time.

  18. Can you hit the bull's-eye? Three targets with three arrows each to shoot. Both accurate and precise Precise but not accurate Neither accurate nor precise How do they compare? Can you define accuracy vs. precision?

  19. Accuracy Closeness to the true value Precision Reproducibility of results

  20. Our measurements: • must be precise (reproducible) • Should be accurate (as close to the true value as possible) • 3. must have units to communicate value In physics, we use two common measurements: • TIME • A particular moment (12:00 pm) • A quantity of time (3 hours) • 3. Time Interval – “how much time did it take…?” DISTANCE Amount of space between two points Measured in units of length

  21. Convert 3:45:10 into seconds. ANSWER: 13,510 seconds 3 hrs x 3600 sec = 10,800 sec hr 45 min x 60 sec = 2,700 sec min = 10 sec

  22. Dependent variable Independent variable

  23. 1B Investigation: Systems, Energy and Change Key Questions: Why do things change? Why do things change by only a certain amount? *Students read text section 1.3 AFTER Investigation 1B

  24. 1B Investigation Topics • Measure time intervals. • Calculate speed from time interval measurements. • Identify variables in an experiment. • Identify dependent and independent variables. • Control variables in an experiment. • Compare speeds and energy of car.

  25. Chapter 1.3 Objectives and Vocabulary • speed • constant speed • Define speed. • Express an object's speed using various units. • Calculate speed, distance or time given two of the three quantities. • List the steps for solving physics problems.

  26. What does this sign tell you?? • Your text here 25 miles per hour 25 miles hour “per” means “divide” RATIO

  27. Speed (v=d/t) Is a ratio: a relationship between distance and time Distance divided by time. • If you follow the speed limit, you will travel 25 miles in 1 hour. d v t

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