Question of the Day

Question of the Day • What impact did the Northwest Ordinance have on public education? a) It encouraged schools to be built in the Northwest Territory. b) It stated that parents should handle schooling in the Northwest Territory. c) It placed the responsibility of education on the federal government. d) It established restrictions on schools within U.S. territories.

Question of the Day a) It encouraged schools to be built in the Northwest Territory. -The Northwest Ordinance set aside land for public schools to be built on, showing the importance of education in the American society.

Today’s Standard • SSUSH6c. • Explain major reasons for the War of 1812 and its significance on the development of a national identity.

The War of 1812 The Presidency of James Madison 1808 - 1814

Jefferson’s 2nd Term • 1) Thomas Jefferson was popular after Louisiana Purchase; wins 2nd term • 2) Britain vs. France rivalry continues…as usual • U.S. is caught in the middle – Jefferson remains neutral. • 3) Britain sets up blockade on France • Blockade – sealing of another country’s ports

Problems with Britain • British blockade disrupts U.S. free trade • France and Britain both seize American ships because they won’t take a side • Britain begins to seize U.S. ships and forces them into their navy • 4) Impressment

The Chesapeake IncidentJune 1807 / The Embargo • The Chesapeake – A U.S. naval frigate • A British warship shows up and demands to board it • The Chesapeake’s captain refuses • The British open fire • Three Americans dead; 18 wounded • 5) In response, Jefferson has Congress declare an embargo • The U.S. will NOT export to foreign countries

The Election of 1808 • 1) James Madison (R) • Charles Pinckney (F) • Winner – James Madision • Madison inherits Jefferson’s unresolved problems with Britain and France

Problems with the Natives • 1) In addition to dealing with Britain and France, the U.S. faced threats from Natives • 2) Tecumseh – Shawnee chief; using British help, fought the U.S. to get Native ancestral lands back • 3) Tecumseh attempted to unite all Natives against the U.S. but his defeat in the Battle of Tippecanoe in Indiana ended his successes • 4) Britain assisted Tecumseh • The Chesapeake Incident, British assistance of Tecumseh, and impressment ALL had leaders in U.S. Congress crying out for war. • 5) Warhawks

6) Reasons for the War of 1812 • A) France and Britain’s ignoring of United States neutrality • Any United States vessel becoming subject to search and seizure • B) The Chesapeake Incident • C) British impressment • After attempted economic sanctions, Britain continued to threaten the United States’ free trade on the seas • D) The warhawks’ persistence on having war

Madison Declares War • 7) The U.S. had more troops by this point • They were stronger than they were the first time they fought Britain but… • Republican funding cuts left military in bad shape • The U.S. was still in its infancy • Britain was still the most powerful country in the world • Powerful navy • Trained army

Early Failure In Canada • The first major offensive by the United States was in British-Canada • It was a massive failure • 8) The U.S. never was able to take Canada

Washington, D.C. Taken • British outnumbered Americans • August 24th, 1814 • 9) British troops enter Washington, D.C. • The Capitol building is burned • The White House is burned • President Madison and the First Lady have to escape • The Battle of Baltimore – Americans withstand 2 days of British artillery • The Star Spangled Banner is written during this time • Francis Scott Key • Becomes a symbol of American nationalism and patriotism

America Still Stands… • Despite overwhelming odds, the United States outlasts Britain once again • Several decisive victories • Excellent defensive tactics • Britain gives up fighting and leaves for England • 10) Treaty of Ghent is signed between the U.S. and Britain • An armistice is declared – a ceasefire • Nobody won • Nothing was gained • Trade was eventually re-opened between Britain and the U.S. • A new sense of patriotism and American pride

The Treaty of Ghent • Nobody won • Nothing was gained • 11) It returned all boundaries and land back to the way it was before the war. • Basically everybody gave back what they took • Nothing was changed • 12) The U.S. gained a new sense of patriotism and American pride

Question of the Day