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Understanding Transcription and Translation Processes in Molecular Biology

Learn about transcription, the process of creating RNA from DNA, and translation, using RNA instructions to build proteins. Explore the central dogma of molecular biology and discover how DNA codes are used to produce proteins.

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Understanding Transcription and Translation Processes in Molecular Biology

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  1. Question of the Day Question: Give the RNA sequence made from the DNA sequence ATGCTAGCT. UACGAUCGA 1’s Turn in: p. 353 A.Q. 1ab, 2b Nucleus RNA DNA

  2. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology: DNA  RNA  Protein

  3. Part 1: Transcription • Transcription- making RNA from DNA code in nucleus • Transcription- creation of RNA using DNA Nucleus RNA RNApolymerase DNA

  4. Part 1: Transcription

  5. Discuss With Your Partner: • Where does transcription take place? • What enzyme is responsible for carrying out transcription? • What does transcription produce? nucleus RNA polymerase RNA

  6. Discuss with Your Partner: • What does “translation” mean to you? • What are some ways that we could we “translate” the following sentence: When school is over, I am going to hang out with my friends.

  7. Part 2: Translation • Translation- using RNA instructions to build a protein

  8. Part 2: Translation • Translation- using RNA instructions to build a protein 1. mRNA (messenger) carries code to cytoplasm 2. mRNA is read 3 nucleotides at a time (1 codon) Ex: AUG Codon = 3 nucleotides

  9. Part 2: Translation 3. 1 codon codes for 1 amino acid, which istransferred by tRNA 4. Anticodon part of tRNA must complement mRNA codon Ex: AUG codon (mRNA) & UAC anticodon (tRNA) amino acid amino acid amino acid anticodon

  10. Part 2: Translation 5. Amino acids linked together by a ribosome to make a polypeptide

  11. Part 2: Translation 6. Polypeptide is folded into a protein Protein Polypeptide

  12. Part 2: Translation

  13. Part 2: Translation • Using codon wheel: • For decoding RNA • Work inside to outside

  14. What amino acid does the codon AUG code for? Methionine (start)

  15. What amino acid does the codon GGG code for? Glycine

  16. What amino acid does the codon CAC code for? Histidine

  17. What amino acid does the codon UAG code for? Stop (no amino acid)

  18. Part 2: Translation • Using codon wheel: • For decoding RNA • Work inside to outside • AUG= start codon • UAG, UAA, UGA = stop codons

  19. Protein Synthesis Review: TACCCCGTGATC DNA: mRNA: AUG-GGG-CGA-UAG Protein: Met-Gly-Arg

  20. What codons… • are in the RNA sequence AUGCCGUUUGGAUAG? • What amino acids do they code for? • What codons… • are in the RNA sequence AUGAAUGUUUGG? • What amino acids do they code for? • What amino acids will the DNAsequence TATGCTAGACTGeventually code for?

  21. Put ‘Em In Order! • tRNA molecules carrying amino acids and begin to match up with codons on the mRNA sequence according to the anticodons on the tRNA molecules • The polypeptide chain is finished and will later be folded into a complete protein • The mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to the cytoplasm through pores in the nucleus • The amino acids are linked (bonded) together by a ribosome, a protein-building organelle • DNA is unwound by RNA polymerase and mRNA is created from the DNA sequence according to the base pairing rules 3. 5. 2. 4. 1.

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