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Bell Work

Bell Work. Each group must fill out the slip of paper for each Farcebook Page. (You should fill one out for your poster with the “correct answers”)

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Bell Work

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  1. Bell Work • Each group must fill out the slip of paper for each Farcebook Page. (You should fill one out for your poster with the “correct answers”) • After all posters have been looked at, each group must collect the papers based on their poster and look through them. Because you will be presenting your favorite responses to the class. • I will then call each group up one at a time. You will give your favorite responses to your page, you will also tell some of the reasoning behind your page, and then present the correct answers to the three questions. Everyone will want to copy the real reasons done because they will appear on the test next Thursday.

  2. Blood Typing

  3. Blood Loss • Blood is vital to our existence • When blood is lost, blood vessels constrict, while bone marrow increase blood cell formation. • But, our body’s have a limit • 15-30% blood loss leads to pallor and weakness • Over 30% leads to severe shock and possibly death • To help those with severe blood loss or severe anemia, whole blood transfusions may be used.

  4. Whole Blood Transfusions • Blood banks collect blood from volunteers • Blood is mixed with an anticoagulant to prevent clotting • The treated blood is then stored in a refrigerated area at 4 ˚C (39.2 ˚F) for up to 35 days or until used. • However, not just any blood can be used in a transfusion.

  5. Antigens • Every cell plasma has a genetic marker on it that the body can recognize as either being part of the body or foreign particle. • This substance is known as an antigen. • The body will tolerate its own antigens, but will attack anything that has a different antigen with a specific antibody. • This is important because humans have two antigens: A and B. • However, this results in 4 blood types. A, B,AB (has both), and O (has neither)

  6. During infancy, the body develops antibodies against those antigens that are not already in the body. • For instance, a person with Type A blood will develop antibodies for Type B blood, but not A.

  7. What happens if the wrong blood is given? • If the wrong blood is given, the antibodies will attack the blood cells, this causes • The foreign blood to clump (agglutination) which could clog small blood vessels. • Then, the foreign blood cells are lysed (ruptured) by the body’s defenses, releasing their hemoglobin into the blood stream. • Freed hemoglobin can then block kidney tubules and cause kidney failure.

  8. What happens if the wrong blood is given? • Other symptoms can include a fever, chills, nausea and vomiting • Treatment is aimed at preventing kidney failure by infusing the patient’s blood with alkaline fluids to dilute and dissolve the hemoglobin as well as diuretics to help flush the patients system using urine.

  9. Rh factor • Besides the ABO blood types, humans may also have another antigen known as the Rh factor. • If a person has the Rh factor, they are said to be Rh+. • If this antigen is missing, the person is Rh-. • Unlike the A and B antibodies, if a person is Rh-, the anti-Rh+ antibodies are not produced until after the body has been exposed to it. • Why is that important?

  10. It means that a person with Rh- blood can be exposed to Rh+ blood once without the blood being attacked, but the second time, the body will be ready for the Rh+ blood. • Where does this have the biggest impact? Rh- mothers who have Rh+ babies. • During a normal pregnancy, the mother’s and baby’s blood will not mix. However, during childbirth, it is very common for the blood to mix. • This means that there usually aren’t any complications during a first pregnancy, but lives could be in jeopardy during a second childbirth.

  11. The Universal Donor and Recipient • Type O- blood is considered to be the universal donor, while AB+ is the universal recipient.

  12. So, where do blood types come from? • Its genetic • Our genes are coded that we will have A, B, AB or O blood as well as either be Rh+ or Rh- • So, it is back to genetics and punnett squares. • Just remember that Type A (and Type B) blood could be AA or AO (BB or BO). • Also, that A and B are codominate, so they can make the AB blood type and that O is recessive. • Finally, Rh+ is dominate, while Rh- is recessive.

  13. Examples • I have O+ blood, while my wife has B+ blood. What type of blood could our children have? Let’s take a look at all of the options. Let’s start with just the ABO blood type.

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