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Vitamins, Herbs, and Nutritional Supplements

Vitamins, Herbs, and Nutritional Supplements. Matthew S. Miller 27 July 2018 HW499 - Bachelors Capstone in Health and Wellness. Introduction. Information for Vitamins, Herbs, and Nutritional Supplements Vitamins Herbs Nutritional Supplements Summary References. Information for Vitamins.

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Vitamins, Herbs, and Nutritional Supplements

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  1. Vitamins, Herbs, and Nutritional Supplements Matthew S. Miller 27 July 2018 HW499 - Bachelors Capstone in Health and Wellness

  2. Introduction • Information for Vitamins, Herbs, and Nutritional Supplements • Vitamins • Herbs • Nutritional Supplements • Summary • References

  3. Information for Vitamins

  4. Information for Vitamins • Vitamins – what are they? • Definition: Must be an organic dietary substance that is not energy producing • Needed in very small quantities to perform a particular metabolic function and prevent and associated deficiency disease • Body cannot manufacture it, so must be supplied in food (Schlenker & Roth, 2011)

  5. Information for Vitamins continued • Vitamins – what are they? • Fat Soluble Vitamins – Vitamin A, D, E, and K • Easily stored in the body and functions are related to structural activities with proteins • Water-Soluble Vitamins – Vitamin C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12 • More easily absorbed and transported; cannot be stored except in tissue saturation; Vitamin C works with enzymes that support tissue building and maintenance (Schlenker & Roth, 2011)

  6. Information for Vitamins continued • Vitamins – what are they? • Fat Soluble Vitamins – Vitamin A, D, E, and K Vitamin A function: influences integrity of body coverings and linings, growth, immunity and reproductive functions • Vitamin D function: associated with calcium and phosphorus absorption and deposition in bone • Vitamin E function: nature's most potent antioxidant • Vitamin K function: initiate liver synthesis of blood-clotting factors and stimulates the synthesis of osteocalcin and other proteins important to bone health (Schlenker & Roth, 2011)

  7. Information for Vitamins continued • Vitamins – what are they? • Water-Soluble Vitamins – Vitamin C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12 • Vitamin C function: antioxidant • Thiamin function: control agent in energy metabolism • Riboflavin function: integral to energy metabolism and deamination (removal of nitrogen-containing amino group from an existing amino acid so that a new amino acid can be formed). Active in energy production and tissue building. • Niacin function: partners with riboflavin in cellular enzyme systems that convert amino acids and glycerol to glucose and then oxidize the glucose to release energy (Schlenker & Roth, 2011)

  8. Information for Vitamins continued • Vitamins – what are they? • Water-Soluble Vitamins – Vitamin C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12 • Pantothenic acid function: controls metabolic reactions involving carbohydrate, fat, and protein • Biotin function: transfers carbon dioxide from one compound to another • Vitamin B6 function: coenzyme in protein and fat metabolism • Folate function: attaching single carbons to metabolic compounds • Vitamin B12 function: participates in amino acid metabolism and formation of hemoglobin; synthesis of lipids and proteins covering the nerves of the brain and spinal cord (Schlenker & Roth, 2011)

  9. Information for Herbs

  10. Information for Herbs • Herbs – what are they? • Class 1 – herbs that can be consumed safely when used appropriately • Class 2 – herbs with some restrictions; external use only, not to be used during pregnancy; not to be used while nursing, specific restrictions as noted • Class 3 – herbs for which significant data exist to recommend under the supervision of an expert qualified in appropriate use of the substance • Class 4 – herbs for which insufficient data is available (Roth, 2010)

  11. Information for Herbs continued • Herbs – what are they? • Plants containing healing properties • Health benefits include • boosting psychological health, • regulate bowel movements, • anti-inflammatory properties, • boost immune system, • improve cardiovascular health, • alleviating pain and fighting infections (Roth, 2010)

  12. Information for Herbs continued • Herbs – what are they? • Types of Herbs: everything from A to Y • Echinacea used as an immune stimulant • Garlic used as an antimicrobial, anti-asthmatic, and anti-inflammatory • Horseradish used as a diuretic, antibacterial, and decrease joint inflammation • Marjoram used as a diuretic, to treat headaches, coughs, arthritis, and muscle pain and stiffness • Tea Tree Oil used to treat bacterial, viral, and fungal infections (Roth, 2010)

  13. Information for Nutritional Supplements

  14. Information for Nutritional Supplements • Nutritional Supplements – what are they? • Defined as a dietary supplement intended to provide nutrients that otherwise may not be consumed in sufficient quantities; for example, vitamins, minerals, proteins, amino acids or other nutritional substances (nature.com, 2018). • Can include anything from sports drinks to a pill or tablet to a soft gel to a powder. • Usually has a disclaimer that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not evaluated the claim and that the supplement is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease • Usually made under the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines

  15. Information for Nutritional Supplements continued • Nutritional Supplements – what are they? • Can include: • Vitamins and minerals • Proteins and amino acids • Bodybuilding supplements • Fatty acids • Prebiotics & probiotics • Natural products in the fabrication

  16. Information for Nutritional Supplements continued • Nutritional Supplements – what are they? • Are they regulated? • Yes, by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) • The Dietary Supplement Health & Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 defines what supplements are and guidelines on how they should be regulated and sold (nowfoods.com, 2018) • Third party organizations that independently monitor and verify product quality • Not required by law to go thru same testing as pharmaceutical products; however categorized with food because they are made with natural products

  17. Summary • Vitamins, Herbs, and Nutritional Supplements are a part of our everyday life. • Vitamins include fat-soluble and water-soluble; cannot be produced in the body so must be consumed • Herbs fall into four classifications; uses include food and dietary as well as medicinal purposes • Nutritional Supplements are to provide nutrients that may not normally be consumed in the necessary amounts

  18. References • Williams' Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy, 10th Edition. VitalBook file. • Skidmore-Roth, Linda. Mosby's Handbook of Herbs & Natural Supplements, 4th Edition. Mosby, 042009. VitalBook file. • (n.d.). Retrieved July 28, 2018, from https://www.nature.com/subjects/nutritional-supplements • The FDA and Dietary Supplements: How Supplements Are Regulated. (2018, July 19). Retrieved July 28, 2018, from https://www.nowfoods.com/now/nowledge/fda-and-dietary-supplements-how-supplements-are-regulated

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