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welcome to the 2009 farenhyt distributor conference

Introduction. Jack Poole, P.E. - Fire Protection EngineerGraduate from Univ. of Md., BS in FPEPoole Fire Protection

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welcome to the 2009 farenhyt distributor conference

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    1. Welcome to the 2009 Farenhyt Distributor Conference Audio / Mass Notification Developments Jack Poole, PE Principal Poole Fire Protection

    3. Topics to be Covered Changes in the FP Industry Changes in the Fire Alarm Industry Summary of NFPA 72 – 2010 Edition Changes Understanding Mass Notification Why Intelligibility?

    4. Why the Paradigm? September 11, 2001 was a major Driver Forced Fire Departments to rethink the way the operate and respond to incidents Re-evaluation by Owners and Designers of how to make buildings safer in the event of terror attack Being more prepared for the emergency event NFPA 1600, Disaster/Emergency Management Plans for Evacuation & Continuity of Operations Adequate Communication Capabilities

    5. NFPA 72 – 2010 Edition Please acknowledge that the NFPA 72 changes were voted on and approved at the June 8 – 11, 2009 NFPA meeting in Chicago. Final printed copy is available from NFPA.

    6. Fire Alarm Industry Changes Significant Changes to NFPA 72 - Now Called National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code More than just fire hazards - weather, terrorist, chemical alerts & warnings Major Changes in format and addition of 3 new chapters (from 11 chapter to 29 chapters – 15 not used) Circuits and Pathways Emergency Control Functions & Interfaces Emergency Communications Systems (ECS)

    7. Why the change? NFPA 72 now covers many issues in addition to Fire Alarm Systems. Combination Systems Video Imaging Detection Carbon Monoxide Detection Supervisory Service of Sprinkler Control Valves Water Level Supervisory – 5.15.3 Water Temperature Supervisory – 5.15.4 Room Temperature Supervisory – 5.15.5 Fire Extinguisher Monitoring – 6.8.4.11

    8. NFPA 72, 2010 Chapter Re-Organization 2007 edition had 11 Chapters 2010 edition will have 29 Chapters Administrative Chapters Support Chapters System Chapters Usability Chapters

    9. NFPA 72 Chapters – Currently in 2007 Chapters 1 – 4 Administration, Definitions & Fundamentals Chapter 5 – Initiating Devices Chapter 6 – Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems Chapter 7 – Notification Appliances Chapter 8 – Supervising Stations Chapter 9 – Public Fire Alarm Reporting Systems Chapter 10 – Inspection, Testing & Maintenance Chapter 11 – Single & Multiple Station Alarms Household Systems

    10. Administrative Chapters Chapter 1 Administration – 2007 Existing Chapter 2 Referenced Publications – 2007 Existing Chapter 3 Definitions – 2007 Existing Chapter 4 Reserved Chapter 5 Reserved Chapter 6 Reserved Chapter 7 Reserved Chapter 8 Reserved Chapter 9 Reserved

    11. Support Chapters Chapter 10 Fundamentals – 2007 Chapter 4 Chapter 11 Reserved Chapter 12 Circuits and Pathways – New Chapter 13 Reserved Chapter 14 Insp, Test & Maint. – 2007 Chapter 10 Chapter 15 Reserved Chapter 16 Reserved Chapter 17 Initiating Devices – 2007 Chapter 5 Chapter 18 Notification Appliances – 2007 Chapter 7 Chapter 19 Reserved

    12. Systems Chapters Chapter 20 Reserved Chapter 21 Emergency Control Functions – New Chapter 22 Reserved Chapter 23 Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems – 2007 Chapter 6 Chapter 24 Emergency Communications Systems – 2010 originally proposed as Chapter 12 Chapter 25 Reserved

    13. Systems Chapters Chapter 26 Supervising Station Alarm Systems – 2007 Chapter 8 Chapter 27 Public Emergency Alarm Reporting Systems – 2007 Chapter 9 Chapter 28 Reserved Chapter 29 Single- and Multiple-Station Alarms and Household Fire Alarm Systems – 2007 Chapter 11

    14. Usability Annex A Explanatory Material Annex B Engineering Guide for Automatic Fire Detection Annex C System Performance Design Guide Annex D Speech Intelligibility Annex E NEMA SB 30 Annex F Sample Ordinance for Adopting NFPA 72 Annex G Informational References Annex H Cross References

    15. Emergency Communication Systems – Chapter 24 Current NFPA 72 Annex E, Mass Notification Systems Replaced by Chapter 24 Emergency Communications Systems Content from Chapter 6, Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems Emergency Voice Alarm Communications Two-Way Communication Service Chapter 24 will be a complete set of requirements for emergency communications systems – including requirements from other chapters by reference.

    16. Chapter 24 - ECS 24.1 Introduction Emergency Communications Systems (ECS) shall consist of two classifications of systems, one-way and two-way. 24.2 One-Way Emergency Communications Systems 24.2.1 In-Building Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications Systems 24.2.1.1* Section 24.2.1 shall be used in the design and application of emergency voice/alarm communications for fire alarm systems.

    17. Chapter 24 - ECS 24.2.1.8 Priority. 24.2.1.8.1 When the fire alarm system has been activated, and mass notification has been given priority, an audible and visible indication shall be provided at the building fire alarm control unit. 24.2.1.8.2 The fire alarm system shall not automatically override emergency mass notification messages. 24.2.1.11* Relocation and Partial Evacuation. The requirements of 24.2.1.11 shall apply only to systems used for relocation or partial evacuation.

    18. One-Way ECS In-Building EVACs Relocation of section 6.9 and other requirements Survivability requirements to reference new chapter Permits a mass notification control unit to take control of fire alarm notification appliances including amplifiers, speakers, and strobes Will require a tone or voice message any time the priority is granted to the mass notification control unit Strobes used for dual purposes shall not be marked ‘FIRE’, strobes to be blank or ‘ALERT’

    19. One-Way ECS In-Building MNS Operation of MNS system is based on the emergency response plan Intelligibility of voice messages are required to meet the requirements of Chapter 7 (notification) Visual notification to be completed through strobes, textual, graphic or video displays Re-labeling of existing strobes labeled fire is required to be completed in a manufacturers approved method

    20. One-Way ECS Wide Area MNS High powered speaker arrays (HPSA) for large outdoor areas Mounted at heights to prevent hearing damage to nearby persons Are not permitted to provide mass notification to occupants inside structures or buildings

    21. Changes to Notification Chapter Significant Changes to Chapter 18 (the old Chapter 7) of NFPA 72 Voice Intelligibility Designed and Measured in accordance with ISO 7240-19 Minimum indoor Intelligibility Values AHJ has authority to change minimum values

    22. Understanding Mass Notification A Mass Notification System (MNS) is a system designed to provide “real time” instructions and information to a large number of people spread out over a large complex, campus or multi-building facility in the event of an emergency. May use inteIIigible voice communications, visible signals, text, graphics, tactile or other communications methods. Purpose is to initiate evacuation, relocation, or to provide information on fire, weather, terrorist events, biological, chemical or nuclear emergencies to occupants. A MNS is also an Emergency Management Tool designed to assist emergency responders to deal with real time conditions during an emergency.

    23. Who needs it or is using it? College campuses Universities Military bases Corporate campuses Large manufacturing facilities

    24. What Drives it? NFPA 72 – Chapter 24 (2010) The military market is governed by the Unified Facilities Criteria 4-021-01. This UFC Document dictates the design, operation and interfaces required for MNS Systems on Military Bases. The UFC Document also sets forth performance standards such as Intelligibility.

    25. UFC 4-021-01 Requirements Special messaging Local Operators Console (LOC) Special visual signaling Audio intelligibility Integration to Base-Wide Systems Digital message signs

    26. Special Messaging The Unified Facilities Criteria requires up to eight (8) specific messages to meet various emergencies such as: Fire Severe Weather Alert Hazardous Material Alert Force Protection Threat Security Breach Bomb Threat Natural Disaster Alert All Clear

    27. Local Operators Console The UFC requires the use of Local Operators Consoles in the facilities to allow authorized occupants to initiate messages and perform “live” paging to meet the specific emergencies. The consoles are required to have a minimum of eight switches for activating messages and a microphone. The Army and Air Force require LOC’s to be located so no operator has to travel more than 200’ horizontally to locate and LOC. The Navy and Marines require only one LOC per building located as specified by the AHJ

    28. Special Visual Signaling The Army and Air Force require a “Clear” Strobe for Fire Alarm Events and an “Amber” Strobe for Mass Notification Events The Navy and Marines require only a “Clear” Strobe marked “Alert” for both Fire Alarm Events and Mass Notification Events

    29. Audio Intelligibility When designing to meet intelligibility requirements, it is better to use lower wattage settings and add additional speakers. Higher wattage settings will create more reverberation and distortion. Strobes are located in accordance with ADA requirements. Amber strobes need to have candela rating de-rated 20% to allow for the light reduction of the amber lens. Army & Air Force – CIS = 0.8 Navy & Marines – CIS = 0.7

    30. Integration to Base-Wide Systems The mass notification system should be integrated with the base-wide mass notification system if one is provided. It is preferred that the mass notification system be integrated with the building fire alarm system to operate as a combined/single unit.

    31. What Drives Intelligibility? NFPA 72 Voice Communication Systems Emergency Communication Systems UFC 4-021-01 Military Mass Notification

    32. History of Intelligibility NFPA 72 – 1996 addressed Emergency Voice/Alarm Communication, no Intelligibility Requirements for these “voice” system NFPA 72 – 1999 addressed in Section 4-3.1.5 Section 4-3.1.5 - Emergency voice/alarm communications systems shall be capable of the reproduction of prerecorded, synthesized, or live (for example, microphone, telephone handset, and radio) messages with voice intelligibility. NFPA 72 – 2002 & 2007 Section 7.4.1.4. (Same at 1999, Section 4-3.1.5) A-7.4.1.4 – More details that that in A-4-3.1.5 Table 10.4.2.2 - Methods of verification of voice intelligibility should include, but not be limited to, any one of the following methods:  Standard subject-based test methods such as described in ANSI S3.2, Method for Measuring the Intelligibility of Speech Over Communications Systems Methods and instruments that measure certain physical parameters and provide a common intelligibility scale score such as described in IEC 60849, Sound systems for emergency purposes.

    33. Why Intelligibility? What is Intelligibility - The capability of being understood or comprehended (distinguishable and understandable). In simple terms – intelligibility is an evaluation of changes that occur to speech that impact comprehension. If you can’t understand a voice message you cannot be make aware of the emergency event or special instructions.

    34. NFPA Research Foundation Intelligibility of Fire Alarm & Emergency Communication Systems Project Summary Changing threats and use of voice systems requires end-to-end communication path that does not hamper intelligible communications between those in command and the target audience Immediate need to assess intelligibility testing protocols and intelligible system design guidance Goal: “test” available design guidance and recommended methods for the performance testing of voice communication intelligibility. Acknowledging important building characteristics: occupancy type, ceiling height, surface features, etc.

    35. Technical Concepts Audibility: Measured in decibels (dBA) Intelligibility: Predicted according to “Standardized Transmission Index (STI) or “Common Intelligibility Score” (CIS)

    36. Technical Concepts Important building characteristics: occupancy type, ceiling height, surface features, etc Factors related to talker/listener transmission path:

    37. Methods of Measurement Phonetically Balanced Word Scores – 256 or 1,000 words to a panel of listeners Modified Rhyme Test – rhyme test to a panel of listeners Speech Transmission Index – STIr (male) – Calculation of modulation transfer function (computer modeling of areas). Speech Transmission Index for Public Address – STIPA – Use STI-PA signal and intelligibility meter. Speech Intelligibility Index – SII – Calculation of speech to noise spectra levels with hear threshold.

    38. Acceptability Criteria The intelligibility of an emergency communication system is considered acceptable if at least 90 percent of the measurement locations within each Acoustically Distinguishable Space (ADS) have a measured STI of not less than 0.45 STI (0.65 CIS) and an average STI of not less than 0.50 STI (0.70 CIS). 90% Pass Rate Minimum of 0.45 STI (0.65 CIS) Average of 0.50 STI (0.70 CIS) Test System Design/Components – not input signal

    39. Limitations of Test Method Areas of high ambient sound pressure levels (“noise”) may be incapable of meeting the Acceptability Criteria. Impulse sounds made during measurements may impact measurement accuracy or cause instrument error. (Example: door or file drawer closing). Natural variation in ambient noise levels may affect the results.

    40. UL 2572 Update UL 2572 – Control and Communication Units for Mass Notification Systems The current version of L 2572 is an “Outline of investigation” also known as a “Desk Drawer Standard”. A collection of requirements from a number of standards. Development began on June 3, 2009 with a new Standards Technical Panel (STP). Six working groups were appointed to work on the development. It is expected that the final published standard will be very different then the current outline of Investigation. 

    41. UL 2572 Update GE/EST 3 has a UL Listing, but is based on the current outline of investigation. This means that once the UL 2572 standard is published, the EST 3 will need to undergo a file review and have to be re-submitted for testing to the new (final) requirements. The ultimate intent is to develop a draft standard that will go out for ballot per the American National Standards Institute, ANSI standard development process. The next meeting of the STP is not expected to take place before the 1st Quarter of 2010. Realistically a standard ready for vote is at least 18 to 24 months away (2nd Quarter of 2011).

    42. UL 2572 Update Manufacturers will be given time to comment and ask questions and to begin to submit there equipment for testing to this standard.  The UL 2572 STP is a balanced committee that includes representatives from a broad range of interest such as DOD, GSA, user groups, NFPA, UL and manufacturers.

    43. Questions

    44. Thank you for attending the 2009 Farenhyt Distributor Conference! Thank You! Jack Poole, PE Principal Poole Fire Protection

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