Diabetes type 2: its causes and management.

1. TYPE 2 DIABETES Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Proven Management Strategies Presented by: Ben Taylor Info@onlinegenericmedicine.com www.onlinegenericmedicine.com +1 9177810616

2. Liceria & Co. According to CDC’s National Diabetes Statistics Report, as of 2021 data, 38.4 million people in the United States have diabetes. That’s 11.6% of the total U.S population. With the 2024 International diabetes federation report stating that approx. 589 million people around the world between the age of 20–79 are living with diabetes. Type 2 diabetes isn’t just a health condition, it has become a global epidemic that’s reshaping the global healthcare system, and driving annual health expenditures to over one trillion U.S. dollars.

3. What is Type 2 diabetes? At its core, Type 2 Diabetes is a metabolic disorder. It is a condition in which your body either resists insulin or doesn’t produce enough of it to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Diabetes is a chronic condition. Meaning it can not be cured completely but can be managed and put into remission. To explain it in simpler terms- When the body resists insulin or is unable to use insulin properly, the level of glucose rises in the blood which leads to hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels). This can damage blood vessels, nerves, kidneys, eyes, and the heart over time.

4. How Type 2 Differs from Type 1 Diabetes Think of both Type one and Type 2 Diabetes as distant cousins Related but fundamentally different

5. The Role of Insulin Resistance Insulin resistance is the stubborn bouncer preventing glucose from entering your cells. Your pancreas pumps out insulin but when you have diabetes, your cells doesn’t respond properly. So what happens? Your pancreas works overtime, producing more and more insulin to overcome this resistance. Eventually, this overworked organ can’t keep up, and your blood sugar levels rise. This results in inflammation, weight gain and increased risk of heart attack. Image source: Cleveland Clinic

6. Common Causes and Risk Factors Genetic Predisposition Medical Conditions People who have parents or siblings with type 2 diabetes, are likely to have an increased chance of getting diabetes by 2–6 times. Some health issues practically roll out the red carpet for diabetes such as: Prediabetes, PCOS, Gestational diabetes, Metabolic syndrome Lifestyle Choices Age Some life style choices can contribute to diabetes such as: Food habits, inactivity, chronic stress and poor sleep. Diabetes doesn’t play fair. After 45, your risk climbs dramatically as pancreatic function naturally declines.

7. The Impact of Obesity and Weight Extra pounds, especially around your middle, create a cascade of problems: Fat cells pump out inflammatory chemicals Your liver gets clogged with fat, fueling insulin resistance Belly fat is metabolically active, and not in a good way. The good news? Losing just 5–7% of your body weight can slash your diabetes risk by nearly 60%.

8. Recognizing the Symptoms With the progression of diabetes, things start to get more serious. Here are some of the symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes that you need to watch out for: Blurry vision Dark paches Tingeling sensation Remember: catching diabetes early means simpler management and fewer complications down the road.

9. Medication Options and How They Work Metformin is usually the first-line medication. It reduces glucose production in your liver and helps your body use insulin better. Bonus: it doesn’t cause weight gain like some other diabetes meds. Ozempic SGLT 2 inhibitor Metformin GLP-1 receptor agonists (like Ozempic) slow digestion and help you feel full longer. They can lead to weight loss while improving blood sugar. SGLT2 inhibitors work through your kidneys, helping them filter out more glucose through urine. They also reduce heart failure risk, a two-for-one benefit. Insulin isn’t a last resort, it’s just another tool. Many people with type 2 diabetes eventually need it as the pancreas gets tired over time.

10. Blood Glucose Monitoring Fingerstick checks give you real-time data, but timing matters. Check before meals, two hours after, before bed, and before driving or exercise. Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) are game- changers. They track glucose levels 24/7 and can alert you to highs and lows before they become problems. Time-in-range is the new A1C. Aim to keep your blood sugar between 70–180 mg/dL for at least 70% of the day.

11. Working with Your Healthcare Team Prepare for appointments by tracking patterns, not just numbers. Note when highs and lows happen and what might have caused them. Don’t hide struggles from your team. If medication side effects are bothering you or you can’t afford supplies, speak up! There are usually alternatives. Your diabetes educator is worth their weight in gold. They translate medical jargon into practical everyday advice tailored just for you.

12. Conclusion Type 2 diabetes is a complex condition that requires understanding and proactive management. By recognizing risk factors like obesity, family history, and lifestyle choices, individuals can take steps toward prevention. For managing blood sugar levels, early detection through awareness of symptoms like increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss leads to timely diagnosis and treatment, which significantly improves outcomes. Managing type 2 diabetes effectively combines medication, regular monitoring, dietary changes, and physical activity. Remember, living well with diabetes is absolutely possible.

13. Thank You Thank you for your time and attention. Together, through awareness, early diagnosis, and healthy choices, we can manage Type 2 Diabetes and improve lives. For more information, contact us: +1 9177810616 info@onliinegenericmedicine.com www.onlinegenericmedicine.com