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The Age of Industrialization

The Age of Industrialization 1. The Rise of Heavy Industry 2. Railroading 3. Invention and Technology 4. The “Robber Barons” 5. Horatio Alger and the Myth of the Self-Made Man 6. 19th Century Women Pittsburgh at night Reasons for the rise of heavy industry

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The Age of Industrialization

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  1. The Age of Industrialization • 1. The Rise of Heavy Industry • 2. Railroading • 3. Invention and Technology • 4. The “Robber Barons” • 5. Horatio Alger and the Myth of the Self-Made Man • 6. 19th Century Women

  2. Pittsburgh at night

  3. Reasons for the rise of heavy industry

  4. Reasons for the rise of heavy industry • 1. New Articles of Production

  5. Reasons for the rise of heavy industry • 1. New Articles of Production • 2. New Purchasers of Material

  6. Reasons for the rise of heavy industry • 1. New Articles of Production • 2. New Purchasers of Material • 3. Technology

  7. Reasons for the rise of heavy industry • 1. New Articles of Production • 2. New Purchasers of Material • 3. Technology • 4. New methods of Organization

  8. Reasons for the rise of heavy industry • 1. New Articles of Production • 2. New Purchasers of Material • 3. Technology • 4. New methods of Organization • 5. New Sources of Power

  9. Reasons for the rise of heavy industry • 1. New Articles of Production • 2. New Purchasers of Material • 3. Technology • 4. New methods of Organization • 5. New Sources of Power • 6. Transportation improvements

  10. Reasons for the rise of heavy industry • 1. New Articles of Production • 2. New Purchasers of Material • 3. Technology • 4. New methods of Organization • 5. New Sources of Power • 6. Transportation improvements • 7. Improved Communications

  11. The Rise of the Railroads

  12. The Transcontinental Railroad1869

  13. The Transcontinental Railroad1869 • Union Pacific- East to West

  14. The Transcontinental Railroad1869 • Union Pacific- East to West • Central Pacific- (Collis Huntington) West to East. Much slower. Why?

  15. The Transcontinental Railroad1869 • Union Pacific- East to West • Central Pacific- (Collis Huntington) West to East. Much slower. Why? • Had to go through Rocky Mountains!

  16. The Transcontinental Railroad1869 • Union Pacific- East to West • Central Pacific- (Collis Huntington) West to East. Much slower. Why? • Had to go through Rocky Mountains! • Met at Prometory Point, Utah, May 1869

  17. Jay Gould

  18. Cornelius Vanderbilt

  19. John D. Rockefeller

  20. J. Pierpont Morgan

  21. Andrew Carnegie • Started off as a poor immigrant from Scotland.

  22. Andrew Carnegie • Started off as a poor immigrant from Scotland. • Worked in a textile mill

  23. Andrew Carnegie • Started off as a poor immigrant from Scotland. • Worked in a textile mill • Started as secretary to RR Superintendent and later became superintendent himself.

  24. Andrew Carnegie • Started off as a poor immigrant from Scotland. • Worked in a textile mill • Started as secretary to RR Superintendent and later became superintendent himself. • Moved into steel industry

  25. Andrew Carnegie • Started off as a poor immigrant from Scotland. • Worked in a textile mill • Started as secretary to RR Superintendent and later became superintendent himself. • Moved into steel industry • First to use the “Bessemer Process”

  26. Carnegie and Philanthropy • The Gospel of Wealth (1889)

  27. Carnegie and Philanthropy • The Gospel of Wealth (1889) • Influenced by Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism

  28. Carnegie and Philanthropy • The Gospel of Wealth (1889) • Influenced by Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism • Concerned about proper uses of wealth

  29. Carnegie and Philanthropy • The Gospel of Wealth (1889) • Influenced by Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism • Concerned about proper uses of wealth • Best method is to distribute it while alive!

  30. Horatio Alger • Wrote “rags to riches” novels about young men who persevered and rose up from poverty.

  31. Horatio Alger

  32. Industrial Heirarchy

  33. Industrial Heirarchy • Native -Born White Protestant males

  34. Industrial Heirarchy • Native -Born White Protestant males • Skilled Northern European Immigrants

  35. Industrial Heirarchy • Native -Born White Protestant males • Skilled Northern European Immigrants • New Immigrants from Southern and Central Europe with no skills

  36. Industrial Heirarchy • Native -Born White Protestant males • Skilled Northern European Immigrants • New Immigrants from Southern and Central Europe with no skills • Women in general

  37. Industrial Heirarchy • Native -Born White Protestant males • Skilled Northern European Immigrants • New Immigrants from Southern and Central Europe with no skills • Women in general • African-Americans

  38. Working Class Women

  39. Problems of Industrialization

  40. Poor Working Conditions

  41. Slum Housing

  42. Why Labor Unions failed to succeed • Language barrier

  43. Why Labor Unions failed to succeed • Language barrier • Temporary nature of the work

  44. Why Labor Unions failed to succeed • Language barrier • Temporary nature of the work • No “safety net.”

  45. Why Labor Unions failed to succeed • Language barrier • Temporary nature of the work • No “safety net.” • Management reluctance to recognize.

  46. Why Labor Unions failed to succeed • Language barrier • Temporary nature of the work • No “safety net.” • Management reluctance to recognize. • Government siding with management.

  47. Early Labor Unions • Knights of Labor- Terrence Powderly • Cooperative labor where workers would own the means of production. • 8 hour work day • Open to all producers- regardless of gender, color, or skill level.

  48. Early Labor Unions • American Federation of Labor- Samuel Gompers • Skilled laborers only (craft unions) • Interested in “bread and butter” issues like shorter hours, better pay. • Women were excluded.

  49. Early Labor Unions • International Lady Garment Workers Union (ILGWU)- first labor union exclusively for female workers. • However, most leadership positions were taken by males.

  50. Why Labor Unions Failed

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