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Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity – Protists Diversity

Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity – Protists Diversity. For Lecture, Make sure you know the names and characteristics of the taxa at the levels indicated by the red arrows. Water Molds ( Oomycota ). Nucleus (Eukaryotic) Membrane-bound organelles Ribosomes (80s)

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Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity – Protists Diversity

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  1. Origins of Eukaryotic Diversity – Protists Diversity

  2. For Lecture, Make sure you know the names and characteristics of the taxa at the levels indicated by the red arrows. Water Molds (Oomycota)

  3. Nucleus (Eukaryotic) Membrane-bound organelles Ribosomes (80s) Unicellular, Colonial, and Multicellular types Four Supergroups: Excavata SAR (Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Rhizaria) Archaeplastida(includes land plants) Unikonta(includes animals and fungi) Characteristics

  4. Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Diplomonads ex. Giardia “excavated” groove on one side of the body (lack plastids, lack DNA in mitochondria, two _______ nuclei, flagella, simple cytoskeleton) haploid

  5. Supergroup: ExcavataClade: Parabaslids • ex. Trichimonas • (Causes Trichomoniasis) • “excavated” groove on one side of the body • (lack plastids, lack DNA in mitochondria, _____________________) Undulating Membrane

  6. Supergroup: Excavata Clade: Euglenozoa “excavated” groove on one side of the body • Move by flagella with spiral or crystalline rod • 2 Groups: • Euglenids • Kinetoplastids

  7. Supergroup: Excavata Clade: EuglenozoaGroup: Euglenids ex. Euglena (anterior pocket with flagella)

  8. Supergroup: Excavata Clade: EuglenozoaGroup: Kinetoplastids ex. ___________ (single large mitochondria with kinetoplast - organized mass of DNA) Trypanosoma

  9. Supergroup: SARClade: Alveolata • Supergroup Char: DNA • Clade characteristics: Contain Alveoli (membrane-bounded sacs) beneath their cell surface • 3 Groups: • Dinoflagellates • Apicomplexans • Ciliates

  10. Supergroup: SARClade: Alveolata Group: _____________ (2 flagella located within a groove, xanthophyll) Dinoflagellates

  11. Supergroup: SARClade: Alveolata group: Apicomplexans ex. __________ (parasitic, apical structure) Plasmodium

  12. Supergroup: SARClade: AlveolataGroup: Ciliates (have Cilia used for movement)

  13. Supergroup: SARClade: _____________ Stramenopiles • Supergroup Char: DNA • Clade characteristics: Have hair-like projections on flagella • Four Groups: • Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) • Golden Algae (Chrysophyta) • Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) • Water Mold (Oomycetes)

  14. Supergroup: SARClade: StramenopilesGroups: Diatoms Overlapping silica test pigments: carotene, xanthophyll, -Diatomaceous earth, -Filters -Fertilizing the oceans

  15. Supergroup: SARClade: StramenopilesGroups: Golden Algae (Chrysophyta) cell wall: ________ pigments: carotene, xanthophyll Silica

  16. Supergroup: SARClade: StramenopilesGroups: Brown Algae cell wall: cellulose, algin Alternation of generations

  17. Supergroup: SARClade: StramenopilesGroups: Water Molds (Oomycota) pigments:none cell wall: cellulose, coenocytic (aseptate) hyphae Irish Potato Famine, French Wine Crisis (1800’s)

  18. SAR (Rhizaria) • Thin pseudopodia Used for movement and feeding • Groups: • Cercozoans • Foraminiferans • Radiolarians

  19. Supergroup: SARGroup: Cercozoans Plastids surrounded by four membranes (secondary endosymbiosis). 2 from cyanobacterium 3rd from alga’s plasma membrane 4th from heterotrophic food vacuole.

  20. Supergroup: RhizariaGroup: Foraminiferans (Forams) • porous shells – made of ____________ Calcium Carbonate

  21. Supergroup: RhizariaGroup: Radiolarians Actinopods (fused plates – silica with axopodia)

  22. Ancient protists that engulfed a cyanobacterium Three Groups: Red Algae (Rodophyta) Green Algae (Chlorophyta) Land Plants Supergroup: Archaeplastida

  23. Supergroup: ArchaeplastidaGroup: Rhodophyta (Red) • Red Algae • Phycoerythrin

  24. Supergroup: ArchaeplastidaGroup: Chlorophyta(& Charophytes) Green Algae Have Chloroplasts similar to plants

  25. Supergroup: Unikonta • Very Diverse Group • Molecular Systematics links groups (but highly debatable) • Two Clades: • Amoebozoans • Opisthokonts

  26. Supergroup: UnikontaClade: Amoebozoans Group:Slime Molds Group:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas • Many With Lobe or tube shaped _____________ Pseudopodia

  27. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: AmoebozoansGroup:Slime Molds Group:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas • Produce fruiting body that aids in spore dispersal • Plasmoidial – NOT ________________ • From a plasmodium (feeding stage) single mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei • diploid Multicellular

  28. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: AmoebozoansGroup:Slime Molds Group:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas • Produce fruiting body that aids in spore dispersal • ___________ • (feed like individual amoebas) • aggregate to breed or during stress Haploid Organisms Cellular

  29. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Amoebozoans Group:Slime MoldsGroup:Gymnamoebas Group:Entamoebas Most are Free-living Amoebas

  30. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Amoebozoans Group:Slime Molds Group:GymnamoebasGroup:Entamoebas Most are parastic amoebas Entamoeba histolytica 3rd eukaryotic after Malaria and Schistosomiasis

  31. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: Opisthokonts Group:Nucleariids Group:Choanoflagellates Very Diverse Group: Nuceariids = most closely related to Fungi Choanoflagellates = most closely related to animals

  32. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: OpisthokontsGroup:Nucleariids • Amoebas that feed on algae and bacteria

  33. Supergroup: Unikonta Clade: OpisthokontsGroup:Choanoflagellates • Similar in morphology and DNA to animals

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