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Environment and Behavior

Environment and Behavior. Learn, Document, Apply and Teach. Grad Design 1 · Spring 2011 Elizabeth Berryman, Christina Joy Chambers & Janet Duharte. Environmental Behavior Theories. Privacy Personal Space Crowding. Privacy. Privacy: The ability to control unwanted distractions

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Environment and Behavior

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  1. Environment and Behavior Learn, Document, Apply and Teach Grad Design 1 · Spring 2011 Elizabeth Berryman, Christina Joy Chambers & Janet Duharte

  2. Environmental Behavior Theories • Privacy • Personal Space • Crowding

  3. Privacy Privacy: The ability to control unwanted distractions Freedom of choice Balance between interaction and privacy • Auditory • Visual • Olfactory • Tactile

  4. Privacy: Auditory • Ability to close doors • Ability to use headphones • “Pin drop” phenomena • Positioning

  5. Privacy: Visual • Privacy screens • Line of sight • Light control • “In and outbound”

  6. Privacy: Olfactory • Perfumes • Candles/Incense • Food aromas • Chemicals

  7. Privacy: Tactile • HVAC • Thermal comfort

  8. Personal Space Personal space is the region surrounding a person which they regard as psychologically theirs. (Wikipedia) Also called invisible boundaries or portable territories. • Intimate: 0 - 18” • Personal: 18”- 48” • Social: 4’ - 12’ • Public: >12’ • Determinants: • Cultural • Socioeconomic • Age • Physical location

  9. Personal Space: Intimate 0”

  10. Personal Space: Personal 18”

  11. Personal Space: Social 6’ 4’

  12. Personal Space: Public 150’

  13. Personal Space: Invasion • Positive vs. negative invasions • Negative responses: • Flight behavior • Body language • Avoidance of eye contact, erection of barriers, fidgeting, mumbling • Aggression • Negative mood • Impacts ability to perform complex tasks

  14. Crowding Crowding refers to the psychological state of discomfort and stress associated with spatial aspects of the environment (Sears et al., 1988). • Primary environmental stressor • Gender differences • Detrimental to our physical and psychological health. • Negative and subjective aspect of privacy

  15. Social Density • Changes with the number of people in a fixed space • As social density increases, interpersonal distances decrease

  16. Spatial Density • Spatial density • Changes with the size of the environment • Requires adjustment to personal space, territory and privacy

  17. Crowding • Examples of how to avoid crowding in interiors: • Wide pathways • High ceilings • Adequate space between furniture • Organization system to reduce clutter

  18. Ad Agency Hallway Design Privacy • Blinds in office • Frosted glass privacy screens • Line of sight • Ability to change positions • Lighting control • Ability to close doors • Independent thermostats Personal Space • Flooring change • Ability to arrange seating Crowding • Adequate space between furniture • Wide hallway, 6' across • Ceiling height in common areas higher • Open window wall in common area • Adequate storage space to reduce clutter

  19. Ad Agency Hallway Design

  20. References Beard, T. O. (2004). Workspace technology's impact on inidividual privacy and team interaction . Team Performance Management Volume 10 , 163-172. Bellingar, T. P. A. (2009). Privacy Matters : Haworth Privacy White Paper Employee EngagemntWorkstyles. Haworth. Duvall, R. (2008, April 8). Advantages and disadvantages of open office space. Retrieved Januray 20, 2011, from California State Domiguez Hills Masters of Science Quality Assurance Term Papers: http://jclauson.com/msqa/term_papers/advantages_and_disadvantages_of_open_office_space.pdf Fisher, Jeffrey D., Paul A. Bell, Andrew Baum, and Thomas C. Greene. Environmental psychology . 5th ed. New York: Taylor & Francis, Inc., 2005. Print. Gifford, Robert. (2002). Environmental Psychology. Principles And Practice. Canada: Optimal Books. Kopec, Dak. (2006). Environmental Psychology For Design. New York: Fairchild Publications, Inc. http://pagerankstudio.com/Blog/. (2010, October). Retrieved Januray 2011, 2011, from Pagerankstudio.com Blog: http://pagerankstudio.com/Blog/2010/10/crowding-and-other-environmental-stressors/ Mardex, J. (2004). Auditory visual and physical distractions in the workplace. Retrieved January 20, 2011, from http://www.scribd.com: http://www.scribd.com/doc/13038258/Auditory-visual-and-physical-distractions-in-the-workplace Pollack, Julie, and Rosemary Menconi. Designing for privacy and related needs . New York: Fairchild Publ., 2005. Print. Watkins, E. (2006, Spring Perspective). Alone Time: Design Practice/Theory: Articles: IIDA. Retrieved January 22, 2011, from International Interior Design Association: www.iida.org/content.cfm/alone-time "Beyond Four Walls and a Door Understanding Privacy in the Office." Herman Miller. Herman Miller, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2011. <www.hermanmiller.com.br/EasySiteWeb/GatewayLink.aspx?alId=693>. Personal space - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved January 19, 2011, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_space

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