Chapter 2 An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

1. Chapter 2An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

2. One-Dimensional vs. Multidimensional Models One-Dimensional Models single cause a paradigm, school, or conceptual approach Problem � Other information is often ignored Multidimensional Models Interdisciplinary, eclectic, and integrative Biopsychosocial Model Abnormal behavior as multiply determined

3. Multidimensional Models of Abnormal Behavior Biological Factors (genetics, physiology, neurobiology) Behavioral Factors Emotional Influences Social Factors Developmental Factors

4. Genetic Contributions to Psychopathology Gregor Mendel's Work in the 19th Century Phenotype vs. genotype Nature of Genes Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) � The double helix 23 pairs of chromosomes Dominant vs. recessive genes Development and behavior is often polygenetic Genetic Contribution to Psychopathology Less than 50%

5. The Interaction of Genetic and Environmental Effects Gene-Environment Interactions The Diathesis-Stress Model blood-injury-injection phobia and alcoholism Reciprocal Gene-Environment Model depression, divorce, and impulsivity Genes are not the whole story

6. Neuroscience Contributions to Psychopathology The Field of Neuroscience The role of the nervous system in disease and behavior Branches of the Human Nervous System The central nervous system (CNS) Brain and spinal cord The peripheral nervous system (PNS) Somatic and autonomic branches

7. Neuroscience and the Central Nervous System Nervous system central nervous system (CNS) Brain and spinal cord peripheral nervous system (PNS) Somatic and autonomic branches The Neuron Soma Dendrites Axon Axon terminals Synapses Neurons Function Electrically, but Communicate Chemically Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers

8. Overview: Neuroscience and Brain Structure Two Main Parts Brainstem and forebrain Three Main Divisions Hindbrain Midbrain Forebrain

9. Neuroscience and the Divisions of the Brain Hindbrain Medulla � Heart rate, blood pressure, respiration Pons � Regulates sleep stages Cerebellum � Involved in physical coordination Midbrain Coordinates movement with sensory input Contains parts of the reticular activating system (RAS) Forebrain (Cerebral Cortex) Most sensory, emotional, and cognitive processing Two specialized hemispheres

10. Major Structures of the Brain Figure 2.7b Major Structures of the Brain.