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N.S. 100 Lecture 3 – Biochemistry is broken up into 3 parts – this is part 3a.

1. N.S. 100 Lecture 3 – Biochemistry is broken up into 3 parts – this is part 3a. 2. Carbon atoms form chains Carbon chains are backbone for molecules of life. Carbon atom and carbon chain formation. 1. 7. 6. 2. 4. 5. 8.

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N.S. 100 Lecture 3 – Biochemistry is broken up into 3 parts – this is part 3a.

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  1. 1 N.S. 100 Lecture 3 – Biochemistry is broken up into 3 parts – this is part 3a.

  2. 2 • Carbon atoms form chains • Carbon chains are backbone for molecules of life

  3. Carbon atom and carbon chain formation 1 7 6 2 4 5 8 3 3a

  4. Diamond is a chain of carbon atoms 3b

  5. 4 Organic Chemistry = Chemistry of Carbon Atoms

  6. Organic Molecules Contain Carbon + Hydrogen and maybe oxygen, and other atoms 5 Everything here is organic …..oops except for the bottle

  7. 6 Biologically Important Organic Molecules Hydrocarbons – Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) Carbohydrates – C, H, Oxygen (O) Proteins – C, H, O, Nitrogen (N), Sulfur(S) Lipids – C, H, O Nucleic Acids – C, H, O, N, Phosphorous (P)

  8. 7 Hydrocarbons contain carbon (C) and hydrogen (H)

  9. 8 H C Hydrogen atom Carbon atom

  10. 9 H CH4 H C H H Methane = simple hydrocarbon

  11. A simple organic molecule with 1 Carbon and 4 hydrogen atoms Energy released when hydrogen separated from carbon during burning 10

  12. 11 Ethane Examples of Hydrocarbons (carbon and hydrogen) Propane

  13. 12 Butane Hydrocarbon (carbon and hydrogen)

  14. 13 Gasoline Diesel – long chain hydroc-c-c-c-c-c-c-carbon

  15. 14 Monomers Dimers Polymers

  16. What are monomers? Monomers = small molecules linked together to form chains. What are polymers? Polymers = chains of monomers . Poly = many mer = parts or units Polymer = many parts linked together 15 ?

  17. 16

  18. Like monomers 17 Like a polymer

  19. Dimer & Polymer formation 18 (Monomer A) (Monomer B) OH HO Dehydration (removal of water) synthesis (uniting) HOH (Monomer A) (Monomer B) Monomer A O dimer = two monomers

  20. Polymer: repeating units of monomers Examples of polymers include:Starch = polymer in made of sugar monomers (food) Polyethylene = polymer made of ethylene monomers (plastic bags) Polystyrene = polymer made of styrene monomers (styrofoam cups and dishes) Protein = polymer made of amino acid monomers (muscle tissue) 19

  21. 20 Biologically Important Organic Molecules Hydrocarbons – Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) Carbohydrates – C, H, Oxygen (O) Proteins – C, H, O, Nitrogen (N), Sulfur(S) Lipids – C, H, O Nucleic Acids – C, H, O, N, Phosphorous (P)

  22. 21 Foods rich in Carbohydrates

  23. Carbohydrates 22 Monosaccharides = sugar Disaccharides Polysaccharides

  24. 23 Glucose (sugar) is a common example of a monosaccharide Oxygen Hydrogen C6H12O6 C6H12O6 C1H2O1 Hydroxyl group Carbon

  25. 24 Glucose Energy for all functions, in all cells, in all living things In humans – growth, kidney function, nerve impulses, digestion, muscle action, heart beat, and more

  26. Normal glucose and insulin levels over a 24 hour period in people without diabetes 25 Diabetic

  27. Disaccharide (dimer) formation 26 Monosaccharide (Monomer A) Monosaccharide (Monomer B) OH HO Dehydration (removal of water) synthesis (uniting) HOH (Monomer A) (Monomer B) Monomer A O Sucrose a Disaccharide (dimer = two monomers)

  28. 27 Biologist’s idea of Halloween fun Table Sugar

  29. 28 Polysaccharide (polymer) is made of many monosaccharides (monomers) Polysaccharide Monosaccharide

  30. Examples of Polysaccharides: 29 Potato Starch Cellulose leaves Chitin exoskeletons

  31. 30 Biologically Important Organic Molecules Hydrocarbons – Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) Carbohydrates – C, H, Oxygen (O) Proteins – C, H, O, Nitrogen (N), Sulfur(S) Lipids – C, H, O Nucleic Acids – C, H, O, N, Phosphorous (P)

  32. PROTEINS: Structure and Function of proteins controls structure and function of all life 31

  33. 32 Hair (cell product) Skin cell Proteins are found in all cells and in many cell products

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