VOCAB & NOTES Unit E Chapter 1 “The Cell”

1. VOCAB & NOTES Unit E Chapter 1 “The Cell”

2. Characteristics Common to All Living Things 1) organization 2) the ability to develop and grow 3) the ability to respond to the environment 4) the ability to reproduce

3. cell the smallest unit thatis able to perform the basic functions of life

4. unicellular a term used to describe an organism that is made up of a single cell

5. multicellular a term used to describe an organism that is made up of many cells

6. cork cells Robert Hooke Hooke coined the term "cell" to describe the basic unit of life.

7. Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) of Holland has been called “the Father of Microbiology.” He was the first to observe and describe living single-celled organisms, which he originally referred to as animalcules, and which we now refer to as microorganisms.

8. Concepts of the Cell Theory 1) Every living thing is made of one or more cells. 2) Cells carry out the functions needed to support life. 3) Cells come only from other living cells.

9. spontaneous generation idea once believed by scientists that bacteria grew from nonliving materials Louis Pasteur conducted experiments that disproved spontaneous generation and confirmed the cell theory.

10. The Cell--- A Busy Factory A cell can be thought of as a "factory," with different departments each performing specialized tasks.

11. Imagine a bustling factory manufacturing the latest must-have gadget. Whether they make bicycles, cell phones, or hot air balloons, most factories are set up in essentially the same way. All factories have exterior walls that protect and support them and interior walls that create separate work areas. They usually have some kind of production line where a product is assembled and an executive department that decides what product is made. A finishing department processes and prepares the product for shipping, and a packaging department wraps the product.

12. In addition, a factory has a receiving department that brings in the components it needs to make its product, a communications department that allows it to contact suppliers, and a power plant that provides the energy it needs to run. Finally, a custodial staff keeps everything clean and in good working order. Cells are very similar to factories. To stay alive and function properly, cells have a division of labor similar to that found in factories.

13. cell membrane the outer boundary of the cytoplasm; a layer that controls what enters or leaves a cell; a protective covering enclosing an entire cell

14. cell membrane The cell membrane is semi-permeable. It allows only certain materials to move in and out of the cell. - cell membrane

15. cytoplasm a thick, gelatin-like material contained within the cell membrane where most of the work of the cell is carried out

16. cytoplasm Cytoplasm is the gel-like material inside the cell (but unlike gelatin it does flow). - cytoplasm

17. eukaryotic cell a type of cell in which the genetic material is enclosed within a nucleus, surrounded by its own membrane

18. eukaryotic cell animal cell ? plant cell ?

19. nucleus the structure in a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material a cell needs to reproduce and function The Manager, The “Brains”

20. organelle a structure in a cell that is enclosed by a membrane and that performs a particular function

21. organelle

22. prokaryotic cell a type of cell that lacks a nucleus and other organelles

23. EUKARYOTIC CELL vs PROKARYOTIC CELL complex organism simple organism

24. cell wall a protective outer covering that lies just outside the cell membrane of plant cells - cell wall - plant cells

25. chloroplasts an organelle in a plant cell that contains chlorophyll, a chemical that uses the energy from sunlight to make sugar

26.  chloroplasts Chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll. This is what makes plants green. Chloroplasts take in sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make oxygen and sugar (a form of food). This process is called photosynthesis.

27. chloroplasts A plant's chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy. This photograph of elodea (a waterplant) has many green dots visible within the cells. These are the chloroplasts. - chloroplasts

28. mitochondria organelles that release energy by using oxygen to break down sugars The mitochondria are the “power plants” where energy is released. - mitochondria

29. - Golgi Bodies cell organelle that packages and moves proteins

30. endoplasmic reticulum organelle that forms narrow channels in the cell’s cytoplasm; transports materials

31. endoplasmic reticulum The ER is like a system of conveyors moving materials from one place to another. - endoplasmic reticulum

32. lysosome

33. lysosome - lysosome

34. ribosomes organelle that creates protein

35. vacuole

36. vacuole - vacuole

37. vacuole

38. Eukaryotic Cell Interactive Animation

39. PLANT CELL vs ANIMAL CELL ORGANELLES BOTH PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS • cytoplasm • nucleus • endoplasmic reticulum • ribosomes • Golgi bodies • mitochondrion • cell membrane • vacuole PLANT CELL (only) ANIMAL CELL • chloroplast • central vacuole • cell wall • lysosomes *common in animal cells but rare in plant cells PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL

40. CHEEK CELL ONION CELL ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

41. specialization the specific organization of a cell and its structure that allows it to perform a specific function

42. 5 Levels of Organization in Multicellular Organisms 1) cell 2) tissue 3) organ 4) organ system 5) organism

43. ??? - REVIEW QUIZ - ??? • Animal Cell • Plant Cell