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Writing and Speaking

Writing and Speaking. COL 103 Chapter 7 Professor Jackie Kroening 864-646-1430 864-646-1425 (PSY office) www.lifetour.com. PREPARE. Approach writing as a process. ORGANIZE. Write a flexible outline and construct a thesis statement. WORK.

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Writing and Speaking

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  1. Writing and Speaking COL 103 Chapter 7 Professor Jackie Kroening 864-646-1430 864-646-1425 (PSY office) www.lifetour.com

  2. PREPARE Approach writing as a process ORGANIZE Write a flexible outline andconstruct a thesis statement WORK Get it down in the first draft.Refine it in the second draft EVALUATE Be your own best critic:fine-tune your work RETHINK Reflect on the writing process:what worked, what didn’t? Writing and Speaking

  3. The Writing ProcessConfronting the Blank Page Intimidating? Liberating and Challenging? Writing is a Process!

  4. Deciding What your Goal is! • Research paper, based on information you must gather? • Essay arguing a particular point of view? • Fictional short paper • Critique of someone else’s work or argument? • Book or movie review?

  5. Choosing Your Topic Freewriting – A technique involving continuous, nonstop writing, without self-criticism, for a fixed period of time. Brainstorming – A technique for generating ideas by saying out loud as many ideas as can be thought of in a fixed period of time.

  6. Freewriting • Freewrite for a fixed amount of time 5 or 10 minutes • Only rule is to write continuously, without stopping. • Doesn’t matter if its bad or good. • Go back and write single sentence that captures the main point of what you wrote.

  7. Brainstorming • Oral equivalent of freewriting • Say out loud as many ideas as you can think of in a fixed time period. • Work best with a group of friends or collages.

  8. Brainstorming (try it 2 page 175) Rules: • No criticisms or judgments made while ideas are being generated. • Collect as many ideas as possible from all participants • All ideas are welcome no matter how silly or far out they seem. Be creative. The more ideas the better because at this point you don't know what might work. • Absolutely no discussion takes place during the brainstorming activity. Talking about the ideas will take place after brainstorming is complete. • Do not criticize or judge. Don't even groan, frown, or laugh. All ideas are equally valid at this point. • Do write all ideas on a flipchart or board so the whole group can easily see them. • Set a time limit (i.e., 30 minutes) for the brainstorming.

  9. Deciding Who is the Audience! • The instructor – maybe not! • Audience may be a layperson • People of science • People of Art • Maybe a person in your family • Maybe yourself

  10. Researching the Topic • Library • Books • Magazines • Newspapers • Trade reports • World Wide Web • Personal Interviews

  11. Researching the TopicAssembling the information • Assemble information folders • Major topics • Sub-topics • Create Note cards • Place no more then one major idea on each card (example on page 176)

  12. Organize: Constructing a ScaffoldOutline • Be ready to Change it! • Should be a road map • Keep an open mind • Logical order (flow of information)

  13. Organize: Constructing a ScaffoldOutline (Try it page 179) • Argument • Background • Body • Counterarguments • Conclusion

  14. Work: Writing the PaperWriting the First Draft • Break down long paper into chunks (maybe two or three pages a day) • Start where you like • Turn off your inner critic • Go with the flow • Don’t be afraid to modify your outline • Use your own voice (writing voice)

  15. Work: Writing the PaperWriting the First Draft • Read the first draft out loud • Take the long view • What is the purpose of my paper • Have I addressed every aspect of the assignment • Be ruthless • Don’t be afraid to ditch the whole thing • Check sequence and logic • Check punctuation and spellling • Check that all quotes are cited and referenced correctly • Make it pleasing to the eye

  16. Evaluate: Acting as Your Own Best Critic • Does my paper accomplish what I set out for it to do? • Put yourself in your instructor’s shoes • Check the mechanical aspects of the paper

  17. Rethink: Reflecting on Your Accomplishment • Rethink the message • Rethink the mechanics • Rethink the method • Always acknowledge other peoples ideas in your paper

  18. Speaking Your Mind • Audiences are generally sympathetic • Once you start speaking, it will become easier • Practice helps

  19. Speaking Your Mind POWER for speaking is the same as writing • Prepare • Organize • Work • Evaluate • Rethink

  20. Meeting the Challenge of Public Speaking • The opening • The first minute counts – a lot • Begin with an anecdote • Start with a question • Arouse their curiosity • Talk about the significance of the topic • Ask a question • Use humor

  21. Meeting the Challenge of Public Provide oral transition points • “Moving on to a different subject….” • “To understand the problem, we need to consider…” • “To sum up, the situation offers some unexpected advantages….”

  22. Meeting the Challenge of Public Helpful hints • A picture can save you a thousand words. • Use the right amount and kind of practice. • Practice in front of a friend or classmate.

  23. Meeting the Challenge of Public Extemporaneous Talks • Process used to speak • Point of view • Reason • Evidence or examples • Point of view restated

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