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Understanding Georgia's Ancient Past: Native Cultures and European Exploration

This resource dives into Georgia's early inhabitants, outlining the four primary Native American culture periods: Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian. It details the tools, subsistence strategies, and social structures of these cultures, highlighting the significance of artifacts and primary sources. Additionally, it explores European exploration and colonization, focusing on major explorers like Columbus and Ponce de León, and the impacts of mercantilism and the Treaty of Tordesillas. Gain insight into the rich tapestry of Georgia's past, from pre-history to European settlement.

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Understanding Georgia's Ancient Past: Native Cultures and European Exploration

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  1. UNIT 2 Before It Was Georgia

  2. Unit 2 VOCABULARY • Primary sources • Secondary sources • Archaeologists • Artifact • Atlatl • Nomad • Effigy • Chiefdom • Line of Demarcation • La Florida • Guale • Mocama • Charter • Mercantilism • Pilgrims

  3. I. Understanding Our Ancient Past

  4. I. Understanding Our Ancient Past Primary Sources Secondary Sources • First Hand Accounts of an event. • This includes interviews, newspapers, photographs, diaries and journals • These are considered more accurate. • Second hand accounts of events. • This includes textbooks, school teachers, and most internet sites. • These are usually not as accurate.

  5. I. Understanding Our Ancient Past • In order to understand our past, archaeologists look at primary sources such as artifacts. These include pottery shards and projectile points. • They study pre-history (time before writing) • Video

  6. II. Four Native Culture Periods

  7. II. Four Native Culture Periods • PALEO Period • 10,000 BC – 8,000 BC • Paleo means “very old” • People were nomads and moved around in small family groups to hunt large animals (Bison, mastodon, giant sloth). Foraged for berries and vegetables. • Used the large spear with a aclovispoint as well as the Atlatl. • Life expectancy was very low.

  8. II. Four Native Culture Periods • ARCHAIC • 8,000 BC - 1,000 BC • Used the atlatl to hunt smaller animals. • Started to use pottery to preserve food (deer, bear, small game, vegetables, and various fish. • Burial of the dead using tools, body ornaments. • Semi permanent shelters.

  9. II. Four Native Culture Periods • WOODLAND • 1,000 BC – 1,000AD • Used the bow and arrow to hunt deer and small game • Developed agriculture • Lived in sturdy houses • Created effigies (Rock Eagle) and burial mounds, ceremonial objects

  10. II. Four Native Culture Periods • MISSISSIPPIAN • 1,000 AD – 1600 AD • Used Bow and arrow to hunt deer and small game. Also ate corn, beans and other veggies they planted • Lived near water and used advanced farming techniques • Used advanced religious ceremonies, burial mounds (Etowah Mounds!) with food and ceremonial objects • Lived in Chiefdoms • Video

  11. MYAN RELIGIOUS CAPITAL

  12. Mr. Yelton sacrificed to the sun god

  13. MacchuPichu

  14. III. European Exploration

  15. III. European Exploration • Why explore? • Europeans were looking for a shorter and safer trade route to East Asia • They wanted Asian goods such as silk, tea, and spices

  16. III. European Exploration • The Portuguese: • Bartholomew Dias – explored the coast of Africa and made it around the Cape of Good Hope. • Vasco de Gama – sailed around the coast of Africa and made it to Asia.

  17. III. European Exploration • SPANISH • Christopher Columbus – thought he could find a trade route to the East and accidentally discovered America.

  18. III. European Exploration • ENGLAND • John Cabot – explored the coast of North America including Canada and the location of the original 13 colonies.

  19. III. European Exploration • FRANCE • Robert de la Salle – explored the Mississippi River and helped established Louisiana.

  20. IV. European Colonization

  21. IV. European Colonization • Mercantilism – the belief that countries should export more than they import. • Countries wanted to take over as many of the world’s resources as possible

  22. IV. European Colonization • Line of Demarcation – • Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas which divided the world in two halves, giving Spain control of the New World.

  23. IV. European Exploration • SPAIN • Juan Ponce de Leon – first European in the main land of the United States. Called the entire South Eastern United States “La Florida.” • Hernando de Soto – explored Georgia looking for gold. • Video • Lucas Vazquez de Ayllon- established the first settlement in Georgia. It failed. • Divided Georgia into Guale (North) and Mocama (South).

  24. IV. European Colonization • ENGLAND • First settlement was Roanoke. It disappeared. • Established Jamestown. Eventually became Virginia. • Had the Pilgrims. • Established the 13 colonies (including Georgia)

  25. IV. European Colonization • FRANCE • Tried to settle around Georgia unsuccessfully. • Established the Louisiana Territory.

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