Lesson #7: The Founding of Pennsylvania

1. Lesson #7: The Founding of Pennsylvania

2. Focus Questions • Who was William Penn • How did the colony of Pennsylvania get started? • How was William Penn’s thinking ahead of his time? • What major ideas did Penn incorporate into the government of Pennsylvania?

3. Key Words • Society of Friends • Quakers • Absolute Monarchs • Persecuted • Penn’s Charter • Frames of Government • Council • General Assembly • Holy Experiment • Great Law • Treaty of Friendship • Charter of Privileges

4. Key Places • Pennsylvania • England • Philadelphia

5. William Penn • Born in England on October 24, 1644 • He was schooled by private teachers and privates schools (there were no public schools at this time) • Attended Oxford University were he attended meetings of a religious group called the Society of Friends, or Quakers

6. Quakers • Contrary to what most believe, Quakers consider themselves a Christian based religious group • They believe that all people are equal and believe that war and fighting are wrong • Quakers were some of the first abolitionists during the time of slavery in America

7. Church of England • During the time Penn was attending these meetings it was the law in England that everyone attend the King’s church, the Church of England • It was punishable by prison and sometimes death for worshiping in any other way • Many Quakers were sent to prison during the time Penn was first attending these meetings

8. Penn and the Quakers • At age 23 Penn officially joined the Quakers • He was sent to jail several times for his beliefs but because of his family wealth he was able to become friends with the King • The King also owed Penn’s father a large sum of money which certainly helped Penn and his group of Quakers

9. Absolute Monarchy • In the 1600s Kings and Queens were Absolute Monarchs • It was believed that only they had the wisdom, vision, and power to decide what’s best for the people • People had no choice in how they were ruled, they were not equal, and did not have a choice of religion

10. Penn’s Vision • Penn was ahead of his time in thinking • He wanted to start a colony where people of all religions could live in peace without fear of being persecuted • The King still had not paid back the debt he owed Penn’s father so Penn asked for a land grant that would also pay off the King’s debt • The King presented him with what’s known as Penn’s Charter which formally gave Penn permission to establish a colony in North America

11. Heck of a Deal! • Penn was given complete control of most of the land that is today Pennsylvania • The King wanted 1/5 of all gold and silver found in the colony and 2 beaver skins • This was an incredible deal because there is no gold or silver reserves in Pennsylvania • In 1682 the Duke of York also deeded Penn three additional colonies which are now the state of Delaware

12. Penn’s Woods • Penn first wanted to name his colony Sylvania which meant “woods” • The King of England wanted to honor his father by adding Penn • This is how the name Pennsylvania was formed meaning “Penn Woods”

13. Frames of Government • Penn went through 4 different frames of government • The first was written in 1681 and was Pennsylvania’s first constitution • He called for 2 law making bodies: the Council and General Assembly which members would be chosen by land owning citizens

14. Frames of Government • Other ideas ahead of his time were created… • Trial by Jury • Granted freedom of the press • Granted freedom of religion • Created a penal code for criminals • Created a process to amend or change laws • Children starting at age 12 should begin training in a trade or skill (first public education)

15. Holy Experiment • In 1681 Penn started his Holy Experiment • This experiment was to see how people responded when they were treated as equals, had freedom of religion, and had a say in their government • Penn sent the first group of settlers to Pennsylvania in 1681 and joined them in 1682 • In 1682 he planned Philadelphia which meant City of Brotherly Love in Greek

16. Government • 1682- the Great Law was passed giving the colony it’s first law passed by a governing body • This law gave religious freedom as well as dealt with trials, elections, voting, and taxes

17. Natives • PA land was occupied by the Delaware tribe • Penn is one of the few who insisted on giving the natives compensation for their land • He took part in their games and was called “Brother Onas” by the natives • It is legend that Penn met with Chief Tamanend of the Delaware tribe and signed a Treaty of Friendship in 1683. It was here were Penn and Tamanend promised ever last peace… we will learn later that this did not happen the way they planned

19. Penn Goes Home • Peace amongst the natives and government in place Penn traveled home to England in 1684 • While he was gone things did not go well • Members of Council and General Assembly amongst the government fought and bickered over every little issue • In 1699 Penn returned

20. Penn’s Final Return • Upon his return he wrote his final frame of government called the Charter of Privileges • This once again gave the people of the colony rights and freedoms, but also gave government officials the ability to suggest laws to the King and Queen of England • In 1701 he returned to England and here became the chief designer for freedoms in the American colonies

21. Penn’s Death • 1712- Penn suffers a stroke which kept him from running his colony • Penn’s wife, Hannah, took control of the colony and ran the government until his death in 1718 • His wife continued to run the colony until her death in 1726 • The Penn family would run the colony until the beginning of the American Revolution in 1775

22. Penn’s Legacy • Much of the colonization of North America was brutal and very self centered, Penn was the exception • Penn was fair to natives and was ahead of his time in offering citizens rights and freedoms, especially religious freedoms • Penn is remembered fondly in history for his accomplishments and thoughts

23. Review Questions • Who started the colony of Pennsylvania • What was this persons religion? • What is the kind of government called where kings and queens rule? • What is Penn’s Charter? • How did Pennsylvania get its name? • List at least 5 ideas that came from Penn’s frame of government. • What was the Holy Experiment? • How did Penn treat Native Americans? • What was the treaty of friendship? • Who ran the colonies government when Penn suffered a stroke?

25. Massachusetts Colony • Founded by John Winthrop and the Puritan religious group • Like Penn, wanted a place to worship freely, but did not believe in “religious freedom” • Puritans believed in male supremacy and women did not play an active role in the church • Puritans believe they are doing “God’s work” and therefore punishment for being “ungodly” was very severe and there was no compromise • Ex/ Scarlet letter

26. Massachusetts Colony • Puritans believed that a humans fate was pre-determined and there was nothing you could do to change it • As the 1700s approached the fear of witchcraft spread amongst the colony • Trials were held, but really they weren’t fair • 20 people and 2 dogs executed throughout the whole thing • One person was pressed to death between two large stones

27. Massachusetts Colony • At first the colony's relations with native tribes were good. However, eventually cultural and demographic friction led to the Pequot War, 1637, and King Philip's War 1675-1676, the bloodiest war in American history. After 1676 most Indians in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut had died of disease, been killed in war, or driven off.

28. 10 Things to Know about the Puritan Faith • King’s church (Anglican) believed farmers should be included with the “poor” and therefore should receive “charity” from the upper class… Puritans did not agree with this • Pilgrims and Puritans are not the same. Pilgrims wanted to separate completely from the Anglican church, Puritans did not • Puritans believed in science. They felt they should know as much as they should about God’s creations

29. 10 Things to Know about the Puritan Faith 4. While women were “inferior” to men, they were the most literate in the household. They were in charge of teaching the family 5. Puritan religious leaders were often young because old was “boring” 6. Puritans supported alcohol. When they first founded Harvard, the first thing they built was a brewery 7. Not all Puritans supported the Salem Witch Trials

30. 10 Things to Know about the Puritan Faith 8. Puritan clothing was not all black. They would use vegetables to die different articles of clothing different colors. Black was the primary color however 9. Puritans believed in separation of church and state 10. Freedom of Religion meant freedom to worship their religion, nothing else

32. Directions • At least 5 similarities • Differences- Fill the box • On the back: Answer the following question in at least 2 paragraphs (5 or more sentences each) • What colony would you prefer to live in? Why? Give specific details as to why you would choose this colony to live.

33. Key Term/Places Review • You must write a story, does not need to be historically accurate, that includes all 15 of our key terms and places • Story begins like this: • Long ago, in a magical place… • You must UNDERLINE each of the key terms and places in your story • Each key term and place must be used correctly. Do not try to use each key term/place in the first 5 sentences… it wont make sense and you will not receive a good grade

34. Key Terms/Places • Council • General Assembly • Holy Experiment • Great Law • Treaty of Friendship • Charter of Privileges • Piladelphia • Society of Friends • Quakers • Absolute Monarchs • Persecuted • Penn’s Charter • Frames of Government • Pennsylvania • England