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Understanding 3rd -io and 4th Conjugation Latin Verbs: Forms and Imperatives

Explore the intricacies of 3rd -io and 4th conjugation Latin verbs, focusing on their dictionary endings and how to form present tense, imperatives, and perfect tense. Learn how to identify stems for verbs like "capio" and "munio," and discover the systematic approach to forming their various moods. By grasping the patterns in these conjugations, you will enhance your Latin language skills and understanding of verb structures, empowering your ability to conjugate effectively.

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Understanding 3rd -io and 4th Conjugation Latin Verbs: Forms and Imperatives

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  1. Lesson XX Lesson 20 3rd -io conjugation verbs 4th conjugation verbs

  2. 3rd -io and 4th Conjugation Verbs ·3rd -io conjugation verbs have –io, -ere as their dictionary endings. ·4th conjugation verbs have -io, -ire as their dictionary endings. ·3rd -io and 4th conjugation verbs have similar charts.

  3. capio, capere, cepi, captus: take ·Go to the 2nd principal part ·Drop the –ere ·Stem is CAP- ·3rd -io conjugation verbs drop 3 letters to find their stem. ·We’ll replace that first –e- with another vowel.

  4. ·Here’s what 3rd -io conjugation present tense endings look like with their “new” vowels. ·Note the "-i-" in the first person singular and 3rd person plurals. ·-io -imus ·-is -itis ·-it -iunt

  5. ·Back to “capio, capere.” ·We dropped the –ere instead of just the “-re.” ·Present tense ·capio capimus ·capis capitis ·capit capiunt

  6. Imperatives (commands) To form the imperative (command) form of a3rdconjugation -io verb like “capio,” drop the –refrom the 2ndpart. capere -re CAPE (put!) --- singular capere –re + -ite CAPITE (put!) --- plural

  7. 4th Conjugation Verbs munio, munire, munivi, munitus: fortify ·Go to the 2nd principal part ·Drop the –re ·Stem is MUNI-

  8. ·Present Tense: ·munio munimus ·munis munitis ·munit muniunt

  9. Imperatives (commands) To form the imperative (command) form of a 4th conjugation verb like “munio,” drop the –refrom the 2ndpart. munire -re MUNI (fortify!) --- singular munire –re + -te MUNITE (fortify!) --- plural

  10. 3rd -io and 4th Conjugation Verbs ·Perfect (past) Tense: ·Drop the -i from the 3rd principal part and add the perfect endings like all other verbs do. ·munio, munire, munivi, munitus: fortify ·munivi munivimus ·munivisti munivistis ·munivit muniverunt

  11. 1 3rd -io conjugation verbs have -o, -ere as their dictionary endings. Yes No

  12. 2 4th conjugation verbs have -io, -ire as their dictionary endings. Yes No

  13. 3 Both 3rd -io and -4th conjugation verbs use -io and -iunt as two of their present tense endings. Yes No

  14. 4 All verbs, no matter which conjugation, use the same perfect (past) tense chart. Yes No

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