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What is a mineral?

What is a mineral?. Mineral - a naturally occurring, inorganic, solid that has a specific crystal structure and chemical composition. Naturally occurring - made by the earth Mineral- quartz, sulfur, diamond, gold, silver Not a mineral- brick, glass, steel (man-made)

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What is a mineral?

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  1. What is a mineral? Mineral- a naturally occurring, inorganic, solid that has a specific crystal structure and chemical composition. • Naturally occurring- made by the earth • Mineral- quartz, sulfur, diamond, gold, silver • Not a mineral- brick, glass, steel (man-made) • Inorganic- made of nonliving material • Solid- Molecules are tightly packed into a rigid structure. • Crystal Structure- the repeating pattern that the particles within a mineral form. • Specific Chemical Composition- the elements that make the minerals have a definite chemical formula.

  2. Characteristics to classify minerals: 1.Color 2.Streak- the powder of the minerals 3.Luster- the way a mineral shines 4.Density-heaviness 5.Hardness- scratch glass, scratch steel, can scrape with fingernails... 6.Breaks- Cleavage/fracture

  3. Color Fluorite Sulfur Orthoclase Feldspar Rose Quartz

  4. Streak- the powder of the minerals. Streak is determined by scraping the mineral on a streak plate and observing the color left on the plate.

  5. Luster- the way a mineral shines or reflects light. Metallitic luster-(graphite) Glassy luster-(quartz) Types of lusters to select from: Waxy, pearly, greasy(talc) Dull luster (kaoloinite)

  6. Density- how heavy the mineral is Galena- extremely heavy mineral Also used as the rare mineral “unobtainium” in the move Avatar.

  7. Hardness- if the mineral can scratch things or be scratched. End Here Test using Mohs Hardness Scale Start Here

  8. How the mineral Breaks- a mineral breaks in one of two ways: 1. Fracture- the minerals breaks in no specific or irregular way. Rose quartz Hematite Olivine 2. Cleavage- when a mineral splits into a pattern because of the arrangement of the atoms. Mica- breaks in thin sheets Calcite-squared edges Halite is cubic

  9. Other Properties Smell - Sulfur smells like rotten eggs Magnetism - Magnetite is magnetic Taste - Halite tastes salty Some minerals have other unique characteristics that determine the name. Fluorescence- glows under UV lights Franklin County, NJ has the most Florescent mineral mined collection in the world!!!!

  10. Ways We Use Minerals Over 40 minerals go into making electrical appliances like these... Talc Gold, silver, diamonds, rubies, emeralds, etc. Kaolinite Fluorite

  11. The Economy of Minerals Ore – A rock or mineral that contains a valuable substance which can be mined for profit. Gem – Valuable minerals that are prized for their rarity and beauty. Iron Ore Diamond Silver Topaz Gold Ore Sapphire http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zDFKRySInVs

  12. Rocks

  13. What is the difference between rocks and minerals? Rocks are made up of mixtures of minerals and other materials. -Example: Granite is made up of... Hornblend Orthoclase Feldspar Quartz

  14. Two Types of Igneous Rock Igneous Rocks Intrusive formed inside the earth(magma) Extrusive formed on the earth (lava) Rocks that are formed from magma (melted rock under the earth’s surface) or lava (melted rock on the earth’s surface). Granite Obsidian Pumice Gabbro Scoria

  15. Coarse Grain (large grains) Fine Grain (small grains, like sand) Texture and Crystals of rocks of Igneous Rocks Granite Basalt A. Texture- the size of the grains that make up the rock B. Crystals- depends on how fast the rocks cooled Obsidian No Crystals- cooled too quickly for crystals to form or Small Crystals- cooled too quickly to form large crystals Large Crystals- cooled slowly underground

  16. Characteristics of metamorphic rocks: Metamorphic Rocks Foliated-layers Nonfoliated- no layers Rocks that change under the Earth’s surface from heat and pressure. Marble Gneiss

  17. Erosion- particles carried away by wind or water. Deposition- particles placed in an area. Compaction- particles squeezed under pressure. Cementation- particles are glued together Sedimentary Rocks Rocks that are formed through a series of processes: erosion, deposition, compaction and cementation.

  18. Sandstone Three Types of Sedimentary Rocks: Conglomerate B. Organic- made from remains of plants and/or animals. Shale A. Clastic- formed from pieces/fragments of rocks being squeezed together. Examples: Limestone C. Chemical- formed from minerals dissolving in water and then forms into crystals. Geodes

  19. Rock Cycle- a series of processes on the earth’s surface and under the surface that slowly change rocks from one type to another.

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