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ENV 506 INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

ENV 506 INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT. LECTURER: ABD. RAHIM DAL FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES UiTM. INTRODUCTION. A key thrust of National Vision Policy is pursuing environmentally sustainable development to reinforce long-term growth.

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ENV 506 INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

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  1. ENV 506INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT LECTURER: ABD. RAHIM DAL FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES UiTM

  2. INTRODUCTION • A key thrust of National Vision Policy is pursuing environmentally sustainable development to reinforce long-term growth. • Waste represent social, political,economic, physical and environmental concerns. • Preventing and managing waste is the heart of sustainable development. • Plan for future

  3. STATUS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN MALAYSIA • An ever-expanding population and high rates of economic development in Malaysia resulted in the generation of vast amount of waste. • It is estimated about 17,000 ton/day of waste generated in Peninsular Malaysia.

  4. Con’t… • Average per capita generation of waste 0.85 kg/cap/day. • About 1.5 kg/cap/day in Kuala Lumpur. • About 76% of waste generated are collected. • 1-2% is recycled and the remainder is taken to disposal sites.

  5. Con’t… • About 5% waste collected in KL are reused and recycled. • Over 40% of 175 disposal sites are operating as dumpsite. • Intermediate treatment is limited to small-scale thermal treatment plant in resorted islands.

  6. ROLE OF FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT Three level of Government • Federal Government - Ministry of Housing & Local Government - Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister Dpt. - Department of Environment - Ministry of Health • State Government • Local Authorities

  7. ROLE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT • Local Government Department, • MHLG handles all matters related to Solid Waste Management funding and policy development • this is done in coordination with the Economic Planning Unit and others government agencies.

  8. Con’t… • Interagency Cooperation • MHLG has established a Technical Committee on SWM • comprising of relevant government agencies, Local University Researchers and Research Institution.

  9. RESEARCH ON SWM BY MHLG AND OTHER AGENCIES • Study on Strategic Plan for SWM. • Study on Safety Closure & Rehabilitation of Landfill Sites in Malaysia. • Study on Solid Waste Composition & Characteristic. • Study on Composting.

  10. ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT • Local Authorities are the implementing agencies and have direct responsibility over solid waste collection, treatment and disposal.

  11. LEGISLATION RELATED TO SWM • Local Government Act 1976 • Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974 • Environment Quality Act 1974 • Refuse Collection, Removal and Disposals By-Laws.

  12. THE WAY FORWARD – Strategic Plan Principles to guide development of Strategic Plan: • Direct participation of Federal Government. • Privatization of SWM services • Sustainable waste management • Inter cooperation amongst government and stakeholders. • Public awareness program • Development of technical and managerial capability

  13. THE WAY FORWARD Waste Hierarchy (Current Status) • Reduce • Reuse • Recycling • Intermediate Processing • Disposal 5 % recovery 95% Landfill

  14. THE WAY FORWARD Waste Hierarchy (Targeted 2020) • Reduce • Reuse • Recycling • Intermediate Processing • Disposal > 20 % Recycling 15 % Intermediate Processing < 65 % Landfill

  15. Land Disposal Incineration (Without Energy Recovery) Incineration (With Energy Recovery) Recycling Reduce / Reuse Waste Minimization THE WAY FORWARD • Waste Hierarchy • (FUTURE) • Reduce • Reuse • Recycling • Intermediate • Processing • Disposal

  16. THE WAY FORWARD • Legislation & Institutional • Review existing legislation • Enable federalization and privatization • Enhance waste minimization • Identifying all stakeholders • Institutional strengthening

  17. Con’t… • Privatization • To improve SWM services • To relinquish financial burden • Wider involvement by the private sector • Final stage of agreement (transition period)

  18. Benefit of private Sector Participation • UK & US Studies • Costs have been at least 25% lower due to rationalized operation and greater management flexibility. • Canadian Studies • Costs have been at least 25% lower in most provinces • 60% lower in Atlantic Province • High costs in Quebec Province were due to older and large equipment, large crew sizes and lower productivity.

  19. Latin American Studies • Costs have been at least 50% lower due to higher labor and vehicle productivity • Malaysian Study • Costs have been at least 20% lower due to grater efficiency

  20. Con’t… • Technical Aspect • Integrated solid waste management facilities • New Facilities with appropriate technology - Transfer Station - Thermal Treatment Plant - Composting Plant - Sanitary Landfill

  21. INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (ZERO EMISSION) Solid waste management facilities Persekitaran Kita Pengurusan sisa pepejal yang baik memerlukan pendekatan yang bersepadu. Kitarsemula Sisa & Tenaga Slag Bahan Binaan Bahan Tidak Terbakar atau Kitarsemula Buang Ke Tapak Pelupusan

  22. Con’t… • Public Participation • Lack of public awareness in solid waste management. • Require full attention • A key to success in waste minimization and solid waste management.

  23. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Definition The discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid waste in manner that is accordance with the best principles of public health, economic, engineering, conservation, aesthetics and environmental consideration.

  24. ELEMENT OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT • The activities associated with the management of solid waste from the point of generation to final disposal has been group into five elements. • Generation • Storage • Collection, • Transportation and Transfer • Treatment • Disposal

  25. WHAT IS INTEGRATED SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ?

  26. Definition The selection and application of suitable techniques, technologies and management programs to achieve specific waste management objective and goals

  27. Hierarchy of ISWM • Source Reduction • Recycle • Waste Transformation • Landfilling • Monitoring and Evaluation

  28. Hierarchy of ISWM Source Reduction • highest rank of the ISWM • most effective way to reduce the quantity waste, costs & env. Impacts. • Involve reducing the amount and/or toxicity of the waste • May occur through the design, manufacture, packaging of products

  29. Cont’ • minimum toxic content, • Minimum volume of material • Longer useful life • May also occur at the household, commercial, industrial facility. • Selective buying patterns & reuse of product & material.

  30. Cont’ Recycle • Second highest rank • Important factor in reducing the demand or resources & the amount of waste requiring disposal by landfill. • Involved • separation and collection of waste materials • Preparation of the material for Reuse, Reprocessing, remanufacture

  31. Reuse, reprocessing and remanufacture of these materials

  32. Cont’ Waste Transformation • Involved the physical, chemical or biological alteration • Improve the efficiency of SWM operation & systems • To recover reusable & recyclable materials • To recover conversion products & energy • Heat & biogas • Reduce use of landfill capacity

  33. Cont’ Landfilling • For solid waste that cannot be recycle & no future use • Residual matter remaining after separation • Residual matter remaining after recovery of combustion products / energy • Involves the controlled disposal of waste

  34. Monitoring and Evaluation

  35. WHAT IS WASTE?

  36. DEFINITIONS Definition 1 Defined as wastes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and unwanted Definition 2 By products of human activities. Physically it contains the same materials as are found in useful products

  37. Con’t… Definition 3 Refuse is define as putrescrible and non-putrescrible solid wastes including garbage, ashes, rubbish, street cleanings, dead animal and industrial wastes

  38. Con’t… Definition 4 Garbage is the putrescrible animal or vegetable waste generated from the handling, preparation, consumption of food and is organic in nature

  39. Con’t… Definition 5 Ash is the residue i.e. the waste product of fuel used for industrial purposes. It is incombustible part of the fuel and is usually used for the landfilling or as a constituent in cement making.

  40. Con’t… Definition 6 Rubbish is combustible and non-combustible part of refuse like paper, rags, wood, and glass

  41. CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE • Five main categories of solid waste : • Municipal Solid Waste • Agriculture waste • Industrial waste • Hazardous waste • Medical waste

  42. JENIS SISA PEPEJAL TERKAWAL • Sisa Pepejal Awam. • Sisa Pepejal Import. • Sisa Pepejal Isi Rumah. • Sisa Pepejal Keinstitusian. • Sisa Pepejal Komersial. Sisa Pepejal Pembinaan. • Sisa Pepejal Perindustrian.

  43. Municipal Solid Waste • mainly the household waste include commercial waste and institutional waste. • it composition depends on factors such as living standard, geographical location, type of housing and seasons.

  44. Agriculture waste • Wastes and residues resulting from diverse agricultural activities include plant residue and animal waste. • food processing waste is consider as agriculture waste • Some are considered as hazardous waste

  45. Industrial waste • comprises waste from industrial processes • E.g construction, fabrication, manufacturing, refineries, chemical plants • Some of these could also include hazardous waste

  46. Hazardous waste • Wastes or combination of wastes that pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human. • special group of wastes define by certain criteria containing substances causing hazard. • Sometimes hospital waste is also classified as hazardous waste

  47. Con’t… • the hazard effect could be due to any or all of following: • ignitability • corrosivity • reactivity • toxicity • infectivity

  48. Medical Waste • Hospital waste includes hazardous and non-hazardous waste. • hazardous waste - clinical waste • Non-hazardous - • Clinical wastes are any waste consist human tissue, blood or other body fluids, excretion include infectious waste.

  49. Urban waste • In the form of solid, semi-solid, liquid and gases • Could organic and anorganic • could divide into six types

  50. Type of urban waste • household wastes • city wastes • commercial wastes • industrial wastes • liquid waste • gaseous wastes

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