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The North Transformed. Growth in the North. Early American cities were significantly smaller than other major cities throughout the world By the 1800s, U.S. cities began to grow in size. Industrial Revolution caused urbanization
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Growth in the North • Early American cities were significantly smaller than other major cities throughout the world • By the 1800s, U.S. cities began to grow in size. • Industrial Revolution caused urbanization • As more factories were built, more people were attracted to the cities because of more job opportunities • New cities grew caused by overcrowding in the East
Problems with urbanization • As cities grew so did problems. • Filthy streets (no sewage systems) • Fires were common (firefighters were poorly trained)
Northern Industry Grows • New inventions added to the growth of industries • Telegraph: invented by Samuel E.B. Morse • Sent electrical signals over a wire • Created a code (Morse Code) • 1st message was sent in 1844 • Thousands of miles of wire was installed across the nation • Agricultural Inventions • Mechanical reaper (Cyrus McCormick) allowed wheat to be cultivated quicker • Manufacturing Inventions • Sewing machine (Elias Howe) allowed clothing to be made more efficient and less expensive
New Transportation Methods • As transportation improved, factories could expand their markets • Robert Fulton—invented a steam engine for a boat • Used mostly for traveling on rivers • Clipper Ship—tall masted ships used to travel on the oceans. Fasted ships in the world at the time • Railroads—the most valuable of new transportation • Railroads could be built anywhere and travel during any season
Mass wave of immigrants • During the 1840s, America’s population skyrocketed because of immigration. • Western Europeans saw the U.S. as a place new opportunities • Irish immigrants—under the British rule, experienced a famine. Many were force to leave Ireland or die of starvation • German Immigrants—came to the U.S. when revolutions against leaders failed. Most settled in the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes regions.
Reactions toward Immigrants • Many feared the growing foreign population would take away jobs • A large group of Nativists formed • Wanted to keep country white American born Protestants • Some became known as the Know-Nothings (eventually became a political party)
African Americans in the North • African Americans faced discrimination in the North • Denied the right to vote • Could not work in factories or skilled trades • Immigrants were preferred to be hired over African Americans
