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Cognitive Processes: From Perception to Creative Problem Solving

Explore the fascinating world of cognitive processes from perception, attention, and memory to creativity, problem-solving, and metacognition. Learn about Neisser's perception cycle, memory retention, attention tests, and the phases of the creative process.

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Cognitive Processes: From Perception to Creative Problem Solving

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  1. Engineering Psychology Cognitive processes attention – thinking – imagination – memory – creativity – problem solving Jakub Jura Jakub.jura@fs.cvut.cz http://users.fs.cvut.cz/~jura/ing-psych/

  2. What is Cognitive? • From latin cognoscere = getting to know • Distinguish emotional and rational • Descarte’s „Cogito ergo sum“. Mental processes mediate between stimulus and response.

  3. Cognitive processes • Base Cognitive processes: • Perception • Sensation • Attention • Thinking • Imagination • Memory • Learning • Advanced Cognitive processes • Creativity • Problem solving • metacognition

  4. Neisser's cycle of perceptionCognitive Ecology Actual world Object available information Samples Modify Schema of environment Exploration Locomotion and action Cognitive map Directs

  5. Memory • Sensoryregistr • George Sperling • (200 – 500 ms) • Short-term memory • George Miller • 7±2 chunks • Chunking process (recoding) • Long-term memory • Hippocampus • Memory processes: • Imprint • Retent • Remember • Recognise

  6. Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve • R = e-t/s • R … memory retention • s … relative strenght of memory • t … time 45 % 35 %

  7. Serial-positioning effect • Which of the syllable you remember easily? • Initialy • Final • Out of serial-positioning effect: • Meaningfull • Related to myself • Connected to my activity

  8. Memory test • How big is capacity of you visual memory? Redraw this figure maximaly precisely

  9. Memory test

  10. Imaging Constructive and Reconstructive processes and eyes movement. • Imagine yellow elephant with red dots. • Imagine what did you eat last evening.

  11. F Experiment 3 - Mental rotation • How many times you need to read rotated sign. R B A L M Q T Internal and external time problem. Time need to read the letter.

  12. Completing square test 11 18

  13. Attention • Orientation reflex • Orientation activities • Bourdon test • d2 test Capacity Fluency Trend

  14. Thinking • J. P. Guilford: • Convergent production - generation of logical conclusions from given information, where emphasis is upon achieving unique or conventionally best outcomes. It is likely that given (cue) information fully determines the outcome as in mathematics and logic. • Divergent production - generation of logical alternatives from given information, where emphasis is upon variety, quantity, and relevance of output from the same source.

  15. Intelligence scale

  16. Problem solving • Interconect all of this 9 point by the 4 segments of a line non-stop.

  17. Phases of the creative process • Initiation • Data collection and analysis of a initial situation. • Preparation phase • Incubation • Increasing of complexity. • Multiplication of relations. • Interpretation phase. • Ilumination • Emergence of the solution. • Verification • Reintegration of peices of knowledge.

  18. E. Rossi – creative phase

  19. Mind Mapping Clarification or externalization of the mental representation of the given domain. The mind map is Tony Buzan’s mean of visualization of mental contents of a given (usually in the center of the map placed) theme.

  20. Metacognition • Thinking about thinking (exactly cognition about cognition) • First-level metacognition • Second-level metacognition

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