Biometrics for Non-profit

1. BIOMETRICS FOR NON-PROFIT SOLUTIONS FOR NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS BAYOMETRIC MARCH 12, 2017 Written & Compiled By Danny Thakkar CEO & Co-Founder

2. “ 99% of maternal deaths occur due to lack of proper health care. Every year a staggering 1.5 million children die of vaccine preventable diseases in the developing world. ” WHO World Health Organization.

3. BIOMETRICS FOR NON-PROFIT INTRODUCTION Fingerprint biometrics is an effective tool that can be used by non-profit organizations to guarantee secure and reliable access of aid and protection to the needy people. Biometrics is a digital innovation that can be used to improve people’s lives significantly and help to make a great social and economic change. Biometric technologies are the perfect combination of security and convenience that enable only authorised users to access aid and welfare services as well as prevent any unauthorised access. It helps to eliminate fraud and reduces errors in the identification and authentication process. WHY IS BIOMETRICS NECESSARY IN THE NON-PROFIT SECTOR? The ability to accurately verify the identity of clients is critical to the core responsibilities of non-profit organizations. Any loophole in the identity verification mechanism of clients can mean duplicating of services, providing aid and benefits to impostors and collecting of bad or unreportable data that can negatively impact future distribution of services. Biometrics is the only solution that helps to establish the correct identity of clients in real- time and at the same time protects their privacy and anonymity. Biometrics has a very strong authentication mechanism as compared to other traditional methods such as passwords or identity cards. Biometric identifiers are based on the unique physical or biological characteristics of individuals such as fingerprints, iris etc. Thus biometrics can be used to strongly link a stored fingerprint template to the actual person it represents. Non-profit organizations recognize that absence of official identity documentation acts as a major hindrance to people’s access to basic rights and healthcare services. This obstacle of identification gap can be resolved with fingerprint biometrics as it is very flexible compared to other techniques such as identity cards. Fingerprints are part of the individual’s body and will always be available with the person wherever he or she goes. Thus individuals can easily prove their identity using fingerprints. Image: Ridge points in fingerprint matching Fingerprint biometrics is the oldest and probably the most well-known biometric modality. This popularity can be attributed to the widespread adoption of fingerprint technology in various industries such as law enforcement coupled with the availability of various low-cost fingerprint solutions. The process of fingerprint authentication has been reliably automated and fingerprint readers are now a common security feature in the newer generation of mobile devices. Bayometric sales@bayometric.com 1743 Park Avenue t. 877.917.3287 (USA) San Jose, CA, 95126 t. 408.940.3955 (INT)

4. BIOMETRICS FOR NON-PROFIT In under-developed and developing countries, non-profit organizations have sustainable development goals such as ending extreme poverty and preventing new-born deaths. It is extremely crucial for non-profit organizations to measure who they have reached and more importantly who they haven’t. A fingerprint identification system helps the non-profit organizations to overcome these challenges and enables rapid identification of beneficiaries regardless of whether they have access to a formal ID. distribution will enable to link each claim for aid to the beneficiary. It will help non-profit organizations and the policy makers to fight corruption and be rest assured that the aid reaches its intended beneficiaries. Maternal health In developing countries, 99% of maternal deaths occur due to lack of proper health care. A vast majority of maternal deaths can be prevented by providing timely care. Although a minimum of four check-ups before birth is recommended by the World Health Organization, only 39% of all mothers actually receive these visits. WHAT ARE THE APPLICATIONS THAT CAN BENEFIT FROM FINGERPRINT BIOMETRICS IN THE NON-PROFIT SECTOR? Many applications can benefit from the implementation of fingerprint biometrics in the non-profit sector as discussed below. The primary reasons for this low percentage are the challenges in identification and accountability. Due to the absence of government identification cards, it is difficult to account for the women who have already had a check-up and track their record. Fingerprint biometrics makes it extremely convenient for these women to get their check-up as well as for health workers who can facilitate their duties better. Fingerprint biometrics is very powerful as it helps to identify patients reliably and find the right record instantly with the simple tap of a finger. This will ensure that every child and mother have access to proper healthcare. Distribution of Aid Every year billions of dollars are lost by developing countries due to corruption and misdistribution of aid. A study conducted by the World Bank reported that only 41% of grains meant for the poor reached out its intended beneficiaries as part of the Indian food programs. It also estimated the loss in other subsidies at 20% which costing almost $10 billion to the Indian government every year. The reason for these losses and misdistribution is because of the lack of proper identification system for citizens. Until now, there was no way to track citizens who lack identity documentation such as birth certificate or social security number. The adoption of fingerprint identification systems at every point-of- Education In poor and marginalised communities, teacher absenteeism stands as a major bottleneck in delivering education to all. This can be resolved to an extent by monitoring of attendance but Bayometric sales@bayometric.com 1743 Park Avenue t. 877.917.3287 (USA) San Jose, CA, 95126 t. 408.940.3955 (INT)

5. BIOMETRICS FOR NON-PROFIT that takes up additional resources and time. A research report by MIT found that monitoring of attendance can reduce absenteeism by 20% and boost graduation rates by almost 40%. However, an effective attendance monitoring system is needed. This system should be cost- effective as well as eliminate any manual reconciliation of attendance records. Microfinance In the developing world, microfinance has made inroads into almost all corners. However, the key industry challenge in the world of microfinance is the screening of borrowers who take multiple loans. Multiple borrowing is a major issue and has driven the market collapses that took place in Nicaragua, Bosnia and Andhra Pradesh. Yale has performed randomised control trials which show that the adoption of biometrics can increase the repayment rates among high-risk borrowers from 44% to 85%. This is a significant improvement that can bring down interest rates and help microfinance institutions save millions of dollars lost in bad loan cases. Attendance tracking for teachers and students can be improved significantly by adopting a fingerprint system. The difference between students learning and an empty classroom can be a simple fingerprint swipe. Fingerprint biometrics will ensure that all individuals have access to education. Data collection Fingerprint system will help to track borrowers with their unique biometric identifier and provide a record of their loan history. Any loan defaulter who comes subsequently can also be tracked as his record will show up on a fingerprint swipe. The advancements in technology have immensely helped the cause of mobile data collection. Researchers and other non-profit organizations are now able to gather critical data on the front lines quickly and efficiently. However, there is one factor that stops the organizations from consistently linking respondents over a period of time. The factor is identification bottleneck which also reduces the quality of data that is collected. Immunisations It is a very well-known fact that immunisations can decrease mortality rates and is a very successful and cost-effective health intervention method. But in the developing world it can be extremely difficult to administer vaccinations to all children due to identification challenges. Every year a staggering 1.5 million children die of vaccine preventable diseases in the developing world. Moreover, 17% of the deaths occur in children who are below 5 years old. These numbers indicate the magnitude of the challenges that occur due to lack of proper Biometrics can help overcome these identification issues. A fingerprint system will help bridge the identification gap and enable robust and reliable data collection even in the most far-flung communities. Even in areas such as mountainous regions, mobile fingerprint systems will enable to identify beneficiaries and maintain consistent records. Bayometric sales@bayometric.com 1743 Park Avenue t. 877.917.3287 (USA) San Jose, CA, 95126 t. 408.940.3955 (INT)

6. BIOMETRICS FOR NON-PROFIT identification. A fingerprint system will help resolve these identity issues and save the lives of millions of children in the developing world. A combination of fingerprint hardware and software will help the non-profit organizations to track the children receiving vaccination and also have an account of their health records. Thereafter, patients need to scan their fingerprints every time they visit the centre for their medicine dose. The fingerprint system provides concrete evidence of every patient visit and ensures that the medicine was given under supervision. This has helped to achieve a very high success rate among the patients. EXAMPLES OF BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION IN THE NON-PROFIT SECTOR Operation ASHA is a non-profit organization that has adopted fingerprint technology for reaching out to the poor residents in India’s urban slums and villages that need treatment for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis patients require 76 doses of medicines and the complete treatment takes almost six months which makes it very challenging for patients, supervisors and health workers. Image: eCompliance Biometric Tracking System - Operation ASHA The successful adoption of fingerprint technology by operation ASHA has propelled the implementation of fingerprint technology among patients in many other countries such as Uganda, Peru and Dominican Republic. Image: Biometrics to track India’s tuberculosis cases - Voice of America Operation ASHA has adopted fingerprint biometrics to provide efficient healthcare treatment to tuberculosis patients located in disadvantaged areas. The patient’s fingerprints and other essential details are registered in the biometric system after the first diagnosis. Image: UNHCR staff demonstrates the biometrics data- gathering process for refugees Bayometric sales@bayometric.com 1743 Park Avenue t. 877.917.3287 (USA) San Jose, CA, 95126 t. 408.940.3955 (INT)

7. BIOMETRICS FOR NON-PROFIT Another successful biometric implementation was done by the United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in early 2013. The pilot program enrolled the biometric data of more than 17,000 people and had their identities verified at the Malawi Refugee Camp. The success of the pilot program in Malawi created confidence in the biometric program and Thailand was chosen as the site for the global roll-out. In June 2015, the UNHCR completed biometric registration for nearly 110,000 Myanmar refugees in Thailand’s border camps. This was indeed a blessing for many of the refugees who had lost their identity documents during the flight and would have faced problems later in gaining access to aid and protection. Fingerprint technology assures the privacy of individuals as they do not convey any personal information such as health status, race or gender and can be reliably used instead of names. Increases program accountability as beneficiaries need to scan their fingerprints for every visit. Accurate identification ensures that goods and services are provided only to the intended beneficiaries and impostors are refused. The fingerprint identification of every beneficiary helps to maintain data integrity by producing transparent, accurate and compelling data. Constituents and stakeholders can be provided with reliable reports that help to protect the interests of the non-profit organization. ADVANTAGES OF FINGERPRINT TECHNOLOGY IN NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Fingerprint systems ensure a very high accuracy rate and secure identification of beneficiaries. CONCLUSION Fingerprint biometrics is a cost-effective solution that can help non-profit organizations to tackle its identity management challenges and control the access to services and benefits. Non-profit organizations will experience improved operational efficiency due to the savings of valuable volunteer and staff time. Fingerprint technology enables non-profit organizations to accurately identify beneficiaries and refuse services to impostors thereby eliminating any chances of fraud. A simple fingerprint scan allows quick and easy access to records. Health workers in the field thus make better decisions as they now have immediate and reliable access to crucial medical information of patients. Fingerprints are unique to each individual and therefore eliminate de-duplication of records. Bayometric sales@bayometric.com 1743 Park Avenue t. 877.917.3287 (USA) San Jose, CA, 95126 t. 408.940.3955 (INT)

8. BIOMETRICS FOR NON-PROFIT AUTHOR DANNY THAKKAR CEO & Co-Founder Danny Thakkar is the CEO and Co-Founder of Bayometric, one of the leading biometric solution providers in the world. He has been in the Biometric Industry for 10+ years and has extensive experience across public and private sector verticals. Currently, he is chief evangelist for Touch N Go. Bayometric sales@bayometric.com 1743 Park Avenue t. 877.917.3287 (USA) San Jose, CA, 95126 t. 408.940.3955 (INT)

9. COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2017 Bayometric LLC. All rights reserved. This white paper was written, designed, and created by Bayometric. Information contained in this whitepaper is the copyright of Bayometric. This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published, and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this section are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, including by removing the copyright notice or references to Bayometric LLC, without the permission of the copyright owners. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and Bayometric LLC disclaims all warranties, express or implied, including but not limited to any warranty that the use of the information herein will not infringe any ownership rights or any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. REFERENCES 1. Biometric Fingerprint System to Enable Rapid and Accurate Identification of Beneficiaries – NCBI 2. Biometrics at the Frontiers: Assessing the Impact on Society – European Commission 3. Nonprofit Uses Biometrics Technology to Monitor India’s Tuberculosis Cases – Biometric Update 4. Biometrics for Non-profit Organizations – Iritech