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Democratic Institutions

Democratic Institutions. Activities of the State. State making War making Protection Extraction Adjudication Distribution Production . How do democracies do it?. What institutions perform various activities? Is authority dispersed? What priorities are assigned?.

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Democratic Institutions

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  1. Democratic Institutions

  2. Activities of the State • State making • War making • Protection • Extraction • Adjudication • Distribution • Production

  3. How do democracies do it? • What institutions perform various activities? • Is authority dispersed? • What priorities are assigned?

  4. What do we expect to find in a Democracy? • Are these necessary? • Are these sufficient?

  5. Limited Government • Lack of authority • Institutional competition • Rights

  6. Types of Democracy • Presidential • Parliamentary • Semi-Presidential

  7. Problems with Presidentialism

  8. Law Adjudicating • State of nature • Tribal chief or warlord • King’s law • Courts • Arbitration

  9. Triadic Dispute Resolution • If neither party unilaterally impose their will • Agree on the process • Agree on the arbitrator • Agree to abide by the decision

  10. Types of legal systems • Common Law • Civil Law

  11. Judicial Review • The power of the Courts to declare national, state and local laws invalid if they violate the Constitution • The supremacy constitutions when they conflict with central or local laws

  12. Judicial Review in the US Marbury v. Madison

  13. Judicial Review – in comparative perspective • Belgium • Iran and Pakistanعلماء • Australia • Germany • India • Switzerland

  14. Three Forms of Center-Subsovereign Relations • Unitary • Federal • Confederal

  15. Military • Civilian control • Appointed general staff • Apolitical • “The difference between a democracy and a dictatorship is that in a democracy the President chooses the top generals. In a dictatorship, it is just the opposite.”

  16. Press • Universal Declaration of Human Rights: “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media regardless of frontiers"

  17. Elections • Who can vote? • What are there choices? • How are these choices determined? • Does the vote have effect?

  18. Is competition necessary or a variety of democracy?

  19. Consociationalism: The Arrangement • The Arrangement • When? • The Rules • Criticism

  20. Political Culture

  21. Why do we vote? • Affective orientation • Cognitive orientation • Evaluational orientation

  22. Influences on political socialization • Family • Education / Schools • Peers / Peer groups / Clubs / etc. • Religion / Religious associations • Economic Status / Occupation / Coworkers • Political events • Opinion leaders • Media • Race / gender / demographic traits

  23. Some socialized values • Support for key values and shared beliefs • Support for the political system • Trust in government decision making • Confidence in particular institutions • Participation in the political system

  24. Social Capital model in Italy

  25. Elite Theory of Stable Democracy

  26. Political Culture Reconceived

  27. Transition vs. Consolidation • Is political culture needed for democratic transition or just consolidation?

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