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Rise of Imperialism: Global Expansion and Power Struggles

Explore the origins of imperialism, the main imperialist nations, the territories they took, and the motivations behind their actions. Discover the economic, political, military, and cultural factors that drove countries to expand their control over weaker nations.

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Rise of Imperialism: Global Expansion and Power Struggles

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  1. Imperialism

  2. What is Imperialism? • Foreign policy in which strong nations extend their political, military and economic control over weaker nations • European nations started the trend • US catches on in late 1800s • By 1890s strong countries (GB, US, Japan) are in a mad dash to grab up as many colonies as possible

  3. Imperialism Who were the Imperialists? What territories did they take? • Trendsetter: Great Britain leads the way • 10 Mothers (Imperialists): Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Portugal, and the United States • Late Comers: Japan and US • Asia • Africa • Latin America • Islands in the Pacific

  4. Why be Imperialistic? • Five Main Reasons: • Cultural • Religious • Economic • Military • Political Can be summed up with “God, Gold and Glory”

  5. Economics (Gold) Political (Glory) • Countries need places to get raw materials from • Countries need places to sell their manufactured goods • Nationalism – a nation’s greatness could be measured by the quantity of its colonies • Competition with rivals – prevent other countries from becoming more powerful

  6. Military (Glory) Alfred T. Mahan • National Security • Competition was vicious; a nation had to protect its own interests • Military Advantage • More bases in more parts of the world…better navy • Gas Stations • A colony can serve as a refueling/loading station for the Navy • Wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History • Suggested America should build up a stronger navy to compete with other nations • Also US needed naval bases(refuel and resupply) for the navy

  7. Cultural (Glory and God) Religious (God) • Anglo-Saxonism: white race is superior • Manifest Destiny: God’s intended for America to expand • Social Darwinism: only the strongest nations will survive • Strength=more colonies • Christianity, seen as superior, should be spread to lesser nations of Asia and Africa • Imperialism will give US more territories that can be Christianized

  8. Josiah Strong • A religious missionary • Wrote Our Country • Argued that America had a responsibility to spread its value by civilizing weaker nations • This is what God wanted America to do

  9. The White Man’s Burden • Written by Rudyard Kipling in 1899 • Urged America to take up the burden of building an empire to Christianize and civilize other inferior races • Became a rallying cry for US imperialists

  10. Seward's Folly • Purchased by Secretary of State William Seward from Russia for $7.2 million • Called Seward’s Folly because no one understood why America would want an icy tundra, but… • Doubled the size of America • Alaska was rich in oil and timber

  11. Annexation of Hawaii • Sugar planters in Hawaii are hurting over sugar tariff • Made Hawaiian sugar more expensive than US sugar • Queen Liliuokalani removed the voting rights of the white sugar planters…with help of US the planters overthrew the queen • Planters want Hawaii to be annexed (added to United States) • Government wants to annex because of sugar

  12. What is imperialism? Is it important in a country’s survival?

  13. 1. Between the 1890s and the start of World War I, the United States expanded its access to overseas markets and raw materials through the policy of (6.01) A containment B imperialism C isolationism D neutrality

  14. “. . . Whether they will or no, Americans must now begin to look outward. The growing production of the country demands it. An increasing volume of public sentiment demands it. . . .” — Alfred T. Mahan, The Atlantic Monthly, December 1890 2. This statement encouraged popular support among Americans for (6.01) A isolationism B protectionism C neutrality D imperialism

  15. 3. Supporters of Mahan’s ideas most likely favored a foreign policy that would (6.01) A limit the military arms race B acquire foreign markets C abandon the Monroe Doctrine D establish an international peace organization

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