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Ancient China

Lecture 5 September 16, 2009. Ancient China. HIST 101 History of World Civilization I University of Montevallo, Fall 2009 Adjunct Instructor Jill Cooley. Neolithic China Agricultural areas Development of villages Shang Dynasty Chinese writing Cities Society Spirituality. Zhou Dynasty

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Ancient China

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  1. Lecture 5 September 16, 2009 Ancient China HIST 101 History of World Civilization I University of Montevallo, Fall 2009Adjunct Instructor Jill Cooley

  2. Neolithic China Agricultural areas Development of villages Shang Dynasty Chinese writing Cities Society Spirituality Zhou Dynasty Early Zhou period Warring States period The Iron Age Lecture 5: Outline

  3. Yellow River Yangzi River Shang dynasty Chinese writing Anyang Bronze working Serfs Feudal society Ancestor worship Divination Human sacrifice Zhou dynasty Mandate of Heaven Warring States Period Infantry and cavalry units Iron Age Lecture 5: Key Terms

  4. Neolithic China • 4000 BC settled around the Yellow River thus forming agricultural villages yielding grain cultivation • Yangtze River along southern border yielded rice production • Lush (sandy yellow soil) blown by winds thus the name of the Yellow River • Domesticated pigs, chickens, cattle, and sheep • Villages however moved around once the soil was depleted on nutrients

  5. Ancient China Dynasties: Shang Zhou Geographical Features: Yellow River Yangtze River

  6. Shang Dynasty 1776 BC • Developed system of writing, very complex, each word represented by a symbol; very much today’s Chinese writing • Shang dynasty continued to move around in search of better soil • City: Anyang • Use of bronze, but was in limited supply • Used stone tools in farming, mostly farmers (serfs) in this society • Feudal society • Vassals owned land in return gave loyalty to the king • Warfare predominant • Made human sacrifices to the gods to win favor, polytheistic however elevated one god more so than the others • Divination practiced, used oracle bones to tell future • Human sacrifices usually done for the death and burial of kings

  7. Zhou Dynasty • Continued and adopted many of the Shang Dynasty concepts • Vassal State • Created “Mandate of Heaven” and idea continues on after the dynasty falls • Even more so a feudal system • Expanded territory but became more decentralized • Land ownership depended on kinship ties greatly • Royal women had power behind the scenes, however average women had very little power • Vassals became more powerful and independent thus leading to the fall of this dynasty representing decreasing power and authority of the king

  8. Oracle bone Chinese writing

  9. Lecture 5: Timeline

  10. Iron Age • Began in Asia Minor by society called the “Hittites” • 1200 BC begin smelting Iron • 1600 BC spreads throughout most of China • Used in weapons and farming

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