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Nucleic Acid Interactions Practicalities. Primer Picking Review Lab#6 Solution. PCR Experiments. Basic Experiment Selecting Primers for known DNAs Regions of genes STS/SNP sites from mass sequencing Designing Degenerate Oligonucleotides. Amplify Exponentially. A. B. PCR. Primers.
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Nucleic Acid InteractionsPracticalities Primer Picking Review Lab#6 Solution Chuck Staben
PCR Experiments • Basic Experiment • Selecting Primers for known DNAs • Regions of genes • STS/SNP sites from mass sequencing • Designing Degenerate Oligonucleotides Chuck Staben
Amplify Exponentially A B PCR Chuck Staben
Primers • ~20 bases • Specific for target site • Efficient amplification of target • no competitive sites • no internal “foldback” • appropriate for experimental conditions Keep Track of Them Chuck Staben
Primer Selection Programs • Primer3-Whitehead • http://www-genome.wi.mit.edu/cgi-bin/primer/primer3_www.cgi • PRIME (GCG) • OLIGO • http://www.lifescience-software.com/oligo.htm Algorithms Related, Similar Chuck Staben
PCR Primer Considerations • 3’-complementarity critical • Match • Potential mismatch • Repeat, etc. very bad • Self-annealing WWW Chuck Staben
Degenerate Oligos ...YGMWHFIVSSRGAxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxYxTVDPx xxxxxxxxCYHNEDM... PCR related, similar coding region Chuck Staben
BackTranslate YGMWHFIVSSRGA TyrGlyMetHisPheIleValSerSerArgGlyAla UAYGGNAUGCAYUUYAUHGUNWSNWSNMGNGGNGCN 2 4 2 2 3 96x 18-mer 4224224 4 4 4 216(64,000x) 18-mer Chuck Staben
PCR Amplimers YGMWHFIVSSRGA... YxTVDP... CYHNEDM YGMWHFIVSSRGA... YxTVDP... CYHNEDM DIAGNOSTIC Chuck Staben
Genes elements, analysis and finding Proteins alignments, motifs visualize, analyze DNA sequences formats, finding, utilities Proteins RasMol Similarity/Align BLAST, CLUSTAL Motifs, Analyses BLAST,Entrez Review Chuck Staben
Main Programs • GCG • graphics, frames, map, gap, bestfit, reformatting, translate • BLAST • blastn, blastp, blastx, tblastn… • Entrez • RELATIONAL DATABASE • RasMol Chuck Staben
Lab 6 • BLASTN/BLASTX • ENTREZ for sequences • relational to structures and to DNAs • GAP, BESTFIT • -ran=10 • CLUSTAL/PILEUP • Analyze via RasMol Chuck Staben