1. Nucleic Acid SBI4U0 Ms. Manning

2. Structure • Contains phosphate, hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups • Informational macromolecules used to store hereditary information that determines the structural and functional characteristics of an organism • Only molecules that can reproduce an identical copy of themselves

3. Monomer • Nucleotides • Nitrogen base • Sugar • phosphate

4. Polymer • DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid • RNA – Ribonucleic acid

5. 1) DNA • Permanent storage site of genetic info • Sugar = deoxyribose, a 5C sugar with one less oxygen than ribose of RNA • 4 nucleotides = A,C,T,G • 2 purines = A & G, 2 pyrimidines C & T • A – T and C – G • Bases held together with hydrogen bonds

6. DNA Cont’d • 2 strands running in opposite directions form a -helix • Phosphodiester bonds like sides of the helix • Phosphate group of one to hydroxyl of sugar on other

7. 2) RNA • Reads the info in DNA and transcribes it into a polypeptide DNA cannot leave the nucleus • Single strand of nucleotides • U replaces T

8. 3) ATP • Adenosine triphosphate • Used to drive all reactions in the body and supply energy

9. Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 1: Nucleotide: contains a phosphate functional group, a ribose sugar and a nitrogenous base (A,T, G, C or U)

10. Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 2: The Nitrogenous Bases: Purines are double ring bases (A and G) Pyrimidines are single rung bases (C, U, and T)

11. Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 3: ATP: A high energy molecule used by our cells to run cellular processes. When one phosphate group is lost it becomes ADP and energy is released

12. Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 4: DNA: anti-parallel backbone of sugar-phosphate, base pairs along the middle, held together by H-bonds

13. Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 5: DNA naturally coils to form an -helix, stable due to the cumulative effect of the H-bonds, pyrimidines bond to purine = constant diameter

14. Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 6: Messenger RNA (mRNA) made from DNA, carries info in DNA to cytoplasm, T is replaced with U

15. Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 7: Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome to be attached to the growing polypeptide chain.

16. Nucleic Acids: Diagrams Fig 8: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) makes up the ribosome, a large and small subunit grasp the mRNA between them and provide the location for polypeptide assembly