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Chapter 3: Get a Charge Out of Matter

Chapter 3: Get a Charge Out of Matter. Engage: What’s Shocking Explore: Particular Properties Explain: The Solution to Solutions Part I:Different Charges Part II: Paper Charges Part III: Bending the Rules Part IV: Resolving Dissolving Explain: Charge Those Particles

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Chapter 3: Get a Charge Out of Matter

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  1. Chapter 3: Get a Charge Out of Matter • Engage: What’s Shocking • Explore: Particular Properties • Explain: The Solution to Solutions • Part I:Different Charges • Part II: Paper Charges • Part III: Bending the Rules • Part IV: Resolving Dissolving • Explain: Charge Those Particles • Part I: Getting Charged • Part II: Ionization vs. Dissociation • Part III: Sharing Electrons

  2. Entry Task • New Seating Chart!.

  3. ENGAGE:What’s Shocking? Learning Target I can observe how different solutions conduct electricity. Class Work Pgs. 102-104 Process & Procedure: #1-3, 6-8 Reflect & Connect: #1-4 Use IQIA Complete Sentences Provide examples from activity Restate the Law of Conservation of Matter (#3) REVIEW & TURN IN

  4. EXPLORE:Particular Properties Learning Target I can group common substances according to their physical properties.

  5. Vocabulary • PROPERTIES: information about a substance that describes it and helps identify it • SOLUBILITY: the ability of a substance or material to be dissolved • HARDNESS: a measure of how easily a material or substance can be scratched • MELTING POINT: the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

  6. Class Work Pgs. 104-108 • Process & Procedure: #2, 5 • Reflect & Connect: #1-4 • Use IQIA • Complete Sentences • Provide examples from activity • Accurately fill place the new substances in the proper categories (#2) • Accurately place water, isopropyl alcohol, and baby oil in the correct categories REVIEW & TURN IN

  7. EXPLAIN:The Solution to Solutions(PART ONE—Different Charges)Pages 111-115 Learning Target I understand that all matter is conductive. I understand how charges interact.

  8. Vocabulary • ELECTROSCOPE: a device used to detect electric charges • CHARGE: a property of all particles that determines whether they are attracted or repulsed by other particles • CONDUCTION: to move or transfer charge from one place to another

  9. Metal nails driven through each end of the electroscope. The nails are effective conductors because they are made of metal. Swizzle sticks are made of plastic which are good insulators. These swizzle sticks are connected by a nail. A swizzle stick is taped to an upside-down coffee cup.

  10. Because the knife is more NEGATIVE. That means that the knife BECAME more negative because it GAINED more negative.

  11. The glass is more POSITIVE. That means that the glass BECAME more positive because it LOST more negative.

  12. EXPLAIN:The Solution to Solutions(PART TWO — Paper Charges)Pages115-116 Learning Target I can explain how plus and minus charges interact. I can explain why matter exhibits both positive and negative charges. Process & Procedure 1-4 Stop & Think 1, 2

  13. Examples: Stop & Think 1

  14. Using MICROSCOPIC drawings. Explain what is happening in this drawing. Use the terms: charge, conduction, plus, minus, movement.

  15. EXPLAIN:The Solution to Solutions(PART THREE — Bending the Rules)Pages117-119 Learning Target I can infer what kind of molecule water is based on its conductive behavior. I can determine what substances are like water based on water’s conductive behavior and its physical characteristics of matter. Stop & Think 1-3

  16. Water Stream

  17. Water Stream What happens to a water stream when a negative rod is brought near? The stream is attracted to the negative rod.

  18. Water Stream What happens to a water stream when a positive rod is brought near? The stream is attracted to the positive rod.

  19. Water Stream Why does the stream attract to both positive and negative rods? Water has to be both negative and positive.

  20. Water Molecules Water is a polar molecule • Compass • Dipole

  21. Water Stream A stream of water is a random collection of polar molecules.

  22. Water Stream When a negative rod is near, the polar water molecules line up so the positive side attracts to the negative rod.

  23. Water Stream When a positive rod is near, the polar water molecules line up so the negative side attracts to the positive rod.

  24. EXPLAIN:The Solution to Solutions(PART FOUR — Resolving Dissolving)Readings: Pages 120-122 & 123-124Worksheet Learning Target I can explain what ionic compounds, polar covalent, and covalent molecules are and how they interact in solutions mixed with water.

  25. Vocabulary • ION: a charged particle • IONIC COMPOUNDS: a neutral compound made from a combination of positive and negative ions • CRYSTAL LATTICE: the orderly structure of particles in a solid • DIPOLE: equal but opposite charges that are separated by a short distance

  26. Vocabulary • POLAR: a particle with an uneven distribution of charge • SOLVATION: the process where a soluble particle is surrounded by solvent molecules • COVALENT: a bond that is formed when the electrons are shared somewhat equally between the nuclei in a compound

  27. Ionic Compound

  28. Three Types of Compounds Solvation Reading Pg. 120-122

  29. Ionic Compounds • Made with charged particles that attract each other to form a strong crystal lattice. • Water can pull the charged particles out to form ions.

  30. Polar Covalent Compounds • Made from neutral particles that have a + and - side. • Water can attract to either charged end and pull the particles out. • The particles keep both + and – charge, so do not form ions.

  31. Covalent Compounds • Made from neutral particles that have evenly distributed charges. • Water can not pull on any charged particles, so the material will not dissolve nor form ions.

  32. EXPLAIN:Charge Those Particles(PART ONE – Getting Charged)Pages 125-128 Learning Target I can explain how atoms become positively and negatively charged.

  33. Class Work • Process and Procedure 1 • Stop & Think 1-5

  34. Why do the charges move? Readings Getting Charged Pg. 127

  35. How atoms become charged • All atoms have a positive Proton and a negative Electron • Neutral atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons • Atoms gain or lose electrons to become charged ions

  36. + e- Na0 Na+ + e- + e- Cl0 Cl- 10e- 11p+ 11e- 11p+ + e- 17e- 17p+ 18e- 17p+ • Lost electron makes a positive ion • Gained electron makes a negative ion

  37. EXPLAIN:Charge Those Particles(PART TWO – Ionization versus Dissociation)Pages 129-131 Learning Target I can explain what ionization and dissociation are. Process and Procedure 1-4

  38. Vocabulary • IONIZATION: any process that results in the formation of an ion • DISSOCIATION: the process in which ions are separated • IONIZATION ENERGY: the energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element

  39. EXPLAIN:Charge Those Particles(PART THREE – Sharing Electrons)Pages 131-139 Learning Target I will learn how to use ionization energy and electronegativity to explain how atoms share electrons.

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