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The Cardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular System. Blood Vessels. Arteries. Carry blood away from heart High pressure Oxygenated blood (except pulmonary). Angiograms. Angiogenesis and Cancer. VEGF – vascular endothelial growth factor – molecule that signals new blood vessel growth

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The Cardiovascular System

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  1. The Cardiovascular System Blood Vessels

  2. Arteries • Carry blood away from heart • High pressure • Oxygenated blood (except pulmonary)

  3. Angiograms

  4. Angiogenesis and Cancer • VEGF – vascular endothelial growth factor – molecule that signals new blood vessel growth • Angiogenesis inhibitor medications = anticancer, less blood vessels to “feed” the tumor but with serious side effects – we need angiogenesis for repair.

  5. Narrow lumen Externa: • High pressure = need for thick walls, elastic fibers to be “stretchy” • Smaller arteries are more muscular (and have sphincters) so can contract to close off capillary bed (vasoconstriction)

  6. Normal coronary artery

  7. 1. Tunica intima2. Tunica media3. Tunica externa 1 2 3

  8. Taking your pulse – expanding and recoiling of artery wall

  9. Atherosclerosis

  10. Capillaries • Huge surface area • Rapid diffusion through single layer of endothelial cells • Each “bed” feeds a small group of cells - no cell in the body is more than 2 cells away from a capillary • Pressure differences cause exchange of O2 and CO2

  11. A capillary bed

  12. Size of typical artery or vein = 5mm diameter Size of capillary = 10 µm (0.01mm) diameter = the size on 1 erythrocyte

  13. Veins • Carries blood back to heart • Thinner walls with less muscle • Deoxygenated blood (except for pulmonary • Lower pressure

  14. Why are the valves important in veins, but are not present in arteries?

  15. Which is the vein and which is the artery?

  16. What type of vessel is this one?

  17. Spider Veins Reticular Veins

  18. Varicose Veins

  19. What helps blood move back to the heart besides valves? Why is inactivity a contributing factor for varicose veins?

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