Sustainability at U.S. Military Facilities

1. Society of American Military Engineers, Savannah Post 13 December 2010 Sustainability at U.S. Military Facilities

2. Outline • Definitions • Drivers • Discussion Topics • Questions

3. Definitions of Sustainability Conventional Definitions • Brundtland Commission • “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.” • ISO • “actions of an organization to take responsibility for the impacts of its activities on society and the environment . . . based on ethical behavior, compliance with law, and intergovernmental instruments, and . . .integrated into the ongoing activities of an organization.” • Variations on this theme for the Services • U.S. Army triple bottom line: mission, environment, and community

4. Drivers of Sustainability • Mandatory • Presidential Executive Order 13514 • USEPA GHG Reporting Rule (40 CFR Part 98) • Stakeholder Interests • Taxpayer • Fiscally responsible: value creation and cost reduction • Assured supply and price predictability • Global sourcing and environmental justice issues • Workforce needs and development • Community Local approvals • The Environment • Assured supply of natural resources: water, energy and materials • Impact of climate change

5. Presidential EO 13514 Drivers • Signed 10/05/2009 (Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance) • Applicable to all Federal agencies, except: • Intelligence activities and related personnel, resources, and facilities • Law enforcement activities of Federal agencies • Other exemptions on national security grounds • Applicable to all Federally owned or operated vehicles, vessels, aircraft, or non-road equipment, except: • Combat, tactical, and associated training • Federal law enforcement • Emergency response (including fire and rescue) • Spaceflight vehicles (including associated ground-support equipment) • Builds on Executive Order 13423 • Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management (2007)

7. Drivers Presidential EO 13514 – Greenhouse Gas Reporting

8. USEPA Rulemaking Drivers • USEPA Mandatory GHG Reporting Rule • Applicable to all facilities (including military) with emissions of ≥25,000 metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent per year (MTCO2E/yr) • Military: General stationary combustion only • Civilian: Stringent requirements for certain types of industries and suppliers • Use of different reporting tiers based on energy output and fuel type • GHG tracking to begin 01/01/2010 • First report to USEPA due 03/31/2011 • USEPA Endangerment Finding • Follow up to 04/02/07 Supreme Court ruling – CO2 as “air pollutant” • Gives USEPA authority to regulate CO2 emissions under the Clean Air Act

9. Discussion Topics

10. Energy and Carbon - Inventory Baseline Inventory

11. Emissions Forecasting and Stabilization Wedges • Building envelope • HVAC • Lighting Improvements • Improved Energy Metering • Water Conservation • Continuous Commissioning • Process Improvements • CHP & Distributed Power 180000 Emissions (metric tons CO2E) Business-as-usual Trajectory Demand Side Management 120000 • Central Plant Biomass Conversion • On-site Wind • On-site Photovoltaics • Biogas Renewables Desired Trajectory Offsets / RECs 0 2050 2007 Year

12. Example Energy Assessment

13. Identifying Potential Energy Conservation Measures • Alternative / renewable energy opportunities • Waste heat recovery • Cogeneration / CHP • Backpressure steam turbines • Absorption chillers • Solar photovoltaics (PV) • Solar thermal • Wind energy • Biogas

14. ECM Cost/Benefit Analysis

15. Discussion Topics Fort Eustis, Virginia (Army) • Baseline Carbon Footprint  Available Data Sources • Stationary Emissions  Fuel Use • Mobile Emissions  Fuel Use • Purchased Electricity  Utility Data • Solid Waste  Waste Disposal Data • Evaluation of Mitigation Efforts • Recycling • Partial Solid Waste Diversion to Waste to Energy Plant instead of Landfill • 9% Reduction in Carbon Footprint through Mitigation

16. Discussion Topics Pope AFB, North Carolina • Repair Control Tower • Conversion from electric heat to the central steam systems using a steam to hot water heat exchanger • Installation of DDC controls with energy management capabilities • Installation of exterior insulation and finish systems to reduce heating and cooling costs • Renovation of Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron Buildings • Boiler conversion from oil to more efficient gas-fired burner • Energy efficient lighting replacement • DDC controls with energy management capabilities • Gas-fired makeup air units

17. Projects at Military Installations Buildings & Facilities (LEED) Projects at Military Installations Fort Carson, Colorado – U.S. Army’s first LEED Gold facility • Mitigate impact of growth in the military • 30% reduction in energy use • Improved insulation • Reflective Roof • Lighting power density reduction • CO2 sensors for demand control ventilation • Variable speed chiller

18. Discussion Topics Water & Waste • Source minimization, reuse, and recycle • Water and Sewer Usage • Are you doing everything possible to minimize the use of water at your Base (e.g., waterless devices or low-flow fixtures), along with the resulting waste streams associated with water use? • Printing and Packaging • Can you reformulate your printed materials and packaging to eliminate all but the absolutely necessary elements and utilize recycled materials? • Are all printers configured for double-sided and reduced size printing? • Waste Minimization and Commodity Management • Do you have a comprehensive waste minimization policy and program? • Do you have effective programs in place to recover and recycle or reuse valuable commodities and reduce solid waste streams?

19. Projects at Military Installations McGuire AFB, New Jersey • Water Recycle System • Design of complete, stand alone recycle systems for two vehicle wash racks to: • reduce discharge to the sanitary system • conserve water (used for washing) due to a Base-mandated goal for overall reduction • ~60,000 gal/yr saved for sanitary and water combined

20. Discussion Topics Procurement & Supply Chain • EO 13514 • Ensure that 95% of new contract actions (except weapons systems) are energy-efficient, water-efficient, biobased, environmentally preferable, non-ozone depleting, contain recycled content, and/or are non-toxic or less-toxic alternatives • Procurement • What are your primary purchases? • Are there alternative materials that are more environmentally friendly and provide no worse than a cost-neutral comparison to current materials? • Are you using recycled materials wherever possible? • Have you asked your suppliers to provide environmentally friendly options or alternatives where feasible? • Supply Chain Consideration • Can you spell out your sustainability-related requirements? • Can you incentivize/influence your suppliers to meet these requirements?

21. Discussion Topics Sustainability through “de-construction” • Deconstruction is the process of dismantling a building in order to salvage components for reuse and recycling • Fundamentally change notions about commerce and its role in shaping future

22. Projects at Military Installations Wright Patterson AFB • “Team Wright Patt” Sustainability Project Project: Deconstruction of Green Acres housing complex Objective: Minimize environmental footprint of demolition by re-purposing much of the site material, including – • 1000+ ceiling fans • Garage doors • Windows • “Soft goods” (sinks, fixtures, toilets) • Water heaters • Furnaces & HVAC • Cabinetry

23. Discussion Topics Sustainable Remediation • Environmental cleanup that is able to • evaluate whether benefits outweigh remediation costs; • ensure the environmental impact of the remediation activity is less than the impact of leaving the land untreated; • engage all stakeholders in the decision-making process; • minimize or eliminate energy and natural resources consumption; • reduce or eliminate releases to the environment; • harness or mimic natural processes; • use renewable energy sources; and • use recyclable materials.

24. Discussion Topics Sustainable Remediation • Traditional Cover • Estimated GHG emissions • Soil cover = 17,000 tons CO2 • Geomembrane cover = 11,000 tons CO2 • Alternative Cover • Estimated GHG emissions • Willows cover = -11,000 tons CO2

25. Discussion Topics Sustainable Remediation • Mechanical dredging and off-site disposal • Estimated GHG emissions = 56,000 tons CO2 • Hydraulic dredging and on site disposal • Estimated GHG emissions = 49,000 tons CO2 • Hydraulic Dredging, Green Electric Power, and On-Site Disposal • Estimated GHG emissions = 30,000 tons CO2

26. Discussion Topics EO Compliance • EO 13123 Compliance Study - Robins AFB, Georgia EO 13123 required that all DOD facilities: • Reduce their energy consumption by 20% by the year 2005; • Increase production flexibility by reconfiguring or upgrading the facility infrastructure to maximize utility and space flexibility and to accommodate the continually variable operations of this facility; • Lower maintenance costs through the repair or replacement of facility equipment • Capital and 20-year life cycle implementation costs used • Assessments conducted: • Potential to incorporate green products into the renovation • Impact to facility’s LEED score through the application of various renovation scenarios

27. Mark Wenclawiak/ mark.wenclawiak@obg.com Maureen Hoke / maureen.hoke@obg.com