European Middle Ages

1. European Middle Ages

2. Divided Empire around300 C.E.

4. Byzantine Empire

5. Emperor Justinian = Last hope for Roman Empire

8. C

12. European Middle Ages • Clear Trends • 500-1000 = political decentralization and backwardness • Emerged from ruins of Roman Empire • Similar to Japan and Africa in political development • 1. Fragmented, kingdom-based rule

13. European Middle Ages • D. Decline of Urban Areas – Why? • 1. Impact of Vikings, Magyar & Muslim invasions • a. Disrupted development • b. Protection was valued • c. Gave rise to feudalism and the Manorial system

14. The Vikings “Terror from the North”

17. Viking Expansion

18. European Middle Ages • D. Decline of Urban Areas – Why? • 2. Disease/plagues – people avoided population centers

19. European Middle Ages • D. Decline of Urban Areas – Why? • 3. Decline of ag. prod. • a. Over cultivation • b. Lack of organized labor force • c. Little Ice Age! • - Reduced temps. • - Disrupted/dramatic weather patterns

20. European Middle Ages • II. Byzantine Empire – 476 - 1453 • Remaining Roman Empire • Combined trad. sources of power & legitimacy w/innovation • 1. Traditional = patriarchy, religion, land-owning elites • Innovations • New methods of taxation • tributary systems • Adaptation of religious institution • Codified legal system– Justinian’s Code

22. European Middle Ages • III. Labor in the Middle Ages • Feudal system emerges – 2 main labor sources • Coerced labor – bound in servitude as property • Serfs and slaves • 2. Free peasants = paid rent or labor services to lord • Rise of Craftsman Guilds • Guild – association of artisans or merchants who control the practice of their craft in a particular town. • Masons, carpenters, carvers etc.

23. The rise of worker’s guilds

25. The Lollipop Guild

27. Viking reading organizer headings: • Reasons • Methods • Characteristics • Long-Term Impacts

28. Critical Intro. • Write a comprehensive, analytical thesis describing the impact of the horse harness.

29. Critical Intro. • What was the most significant impact of the Crusades? Explain.

30. IV. European Revival – 800-1300 – Why? • End of invasions • Need for feudal protection decreases • Increased temps. • Increased farm production • Increased pop. = urban growth • Revival of Cities! • Increased commerce/trade • Trade increases • Hanseatic League • Baltic to Black Sea trade • Med. Sea trade • Trans-European trade b. Negative = Black Death spread along trade routes

31. Hanseatic League

32. Hanseatic League

33. V. Medieval Church • Most stable institution of Middle Ages • Main source of intellectual activity • Gave rise to universities • Synthesis of “faith and reason” Why a new emphasis on “faith and reason”?

34. B. Catholic Church – Limited centralized power • Weakened power of feudal kings • Means of authority = • Canon Law – rules of behavior set by church • Excommunication – separated from church • Interdict – Excomm. all in a ruler’s realm

35. VI. Steps to Centralized Government • Rise of Limited Gov’t(limits on power of king) based on = • Magna Carta (1215) – Eng. doc. signed by King John guaranteeing rights of nobility • Parliaments (Eng. 1295)– gave nobility & clergy a voice • Hundred Years War (1337-1453) – Solidified nationhood of Eng. & Fr.

36. VII. Impact of Crusades (1095-1291) • Technological & Cultural Exchange • From Muslim world to Europe • Monetization methods • Scientific, numeric concepts • Long-Term Impacts = Contact between civs. • Made Europeans aware of goods, riches & markets • Increased demand, consumption, & production • Religious tension between: • Christians and Muslims • Christians and Jews

38. C. Two Italian Cities Emerge as Economic Leaders • Venice & Genoa – benefitted from transporting knights & trade goods • Become economic powerhouses! • Lead banking and Renaissance movement • European towns grew in response • Use of money spread

39. E. By 1300s; art & culture taking shape in Italy as Renaissance