Morphemes

1. Morphemes English 306A; Harris

2. Suffix A little Persian Morpheme {-i} English 306A; Harris

3. Suffix A little Persian Morpheme {-i} Noun Former English 306A; Harris

4. Suffix A little Persian Morpheme {-i} Noun Former Simplex Complex adjective —> [adjective-affix]noun Noun Noun Adjective Adjective Adj Af Adj Af English 306A; Harris

5. The smallest signifier/signified bundles • {un-} Antonym former • {re-} Iterative former • {draw} Verb, to make representative marks • {-s} Third-singular-present agreement former • {-ing} Present-participle former English 306A; Harris

6. Homophony/PolysemyBut, it’s not a piece of cake • {-ing} Present-participle former “Oriana is drawing the cat” • {-ing} Gerund former “Oriana’s drawing of the cat is beautiful.” • {-ing} Adjective former “Oriana’s drawing chalk is the white one” English 306A; Harris

7. English {-er} • farmer, writer, hiker, reader, drawer, printer, … • Londoner, Winnipeger, … • villager, foreigner, … • printer, toaster, heater, freezer, … • page-turner, reader, drawer, … • chatter, mutter, flicker, … • triple-decker, porker, … Agentive Locative1 (geographic) Locative2 (type) Instrumental Patient Frequentive Other English 306A; Harris

8. metaphor metaphor ? Radial networkEnglish -er generalization inversion specialization English 306A; Harris

9. The relative ability to produce new words. -er farmer, writer, shooter, runner, pleaser, sleeper, weeper, golfer, diddler, plumber, butcher, baker, candle-stick-maker, bliffnatter, ludniffer, … a- asexual, amoral, achromatic, …? Productivity English 306A; Harris

10. petro- petroleum, Petrocanda™, petrochemical, petrodollars, petropolitics, … -cast broadcast, telecast, newscast, sportscast, podcast, … Productivity English 306A; Harris

11. cran- cranberry, cran-apple, cran-cherry, cran-grape, cran-raspberry, crangerine, cran-mango, … huckle- huckleberry rasp- raspberry Productivity English 306A; Harris

12. SignifierSemasiology SignifiedOnomasiology Bound!Derivational! What type is {-i}? • Morpheme form free (= word) bound (= affix) • prefix • suffix • infix • circumfix • Morpheme function derivational • change meaning dramatically, and/or word category inflectional • never change category, and only change meaning very subtly Noun adjective Af xubi English 306A; Harris

13. SignifierSemasiology SignifiedOnomasiology • Morpheme form free (= word) bound (= affix) • prefix • suffix • infix • circumfix • Morpheme function derivational • change meaning dramatically, and/or word category inflectional • never change category, and only change meaning very subtly Noun adjective Af xubi adjective  [adjective-i]noun English 306A; Harris

14. New New Old Af Af Old oooa aooooo New Af Old ooaoo New Af Old Af aooooa Affix rules • prefix oldcategory  [affix-oldcategory]newcategory • suffix oldcategory  [oldcategory-affix]newcategory • infix oldcategory  [old-affix- category]newcategory • circumfix oldcategory  [af-oldcategory-fix]newcategory English 306A; Harris

15. CompoundsMorphological analysis Noun Adjective Noun blackboard English 306A; Harris

16. Free morphemeMorphological analysis Noun? Verb? Adjective? Adverb? Preposition? Determiner? Qualifier? Quantifier? Who cares? ? fly English 306A; Harris

17. Free morphemeMorphological analysis Noun fly English 306A; Harris

18. Free morphemeMorphological analysis Verb fly English 306A; Harris

19. Free morphemeMorphological analysis Adjective fly English 306A; Harris

20. Bound morpheme(necessarily, with a free one too)Morphological analysis ? ? Af flies English 306A; Harris

21. Bound morpheme(necessarily, with a free one too)Morphological analysis Noun Noun Af Plural flies English 306A; Harris

22. Bound morpheme(necessarily, with a free one too)Morphological analysis Verb Verb Af 3rd singularpresentagreement flies English 306A; Harris

23. Bound morpheme(necessarily, with a free one too)Morphological analysis Adjective Adjective Af flies English 306A; Harris

24. Free morphemeMorphological analysis Adjective ? Adjective ? Adjective Af Adjective Af flier fliest English 306A; Harris

25. Optionality optionality English 306A; Harris

26. Optionality Noun optionality English 306A; Harris

27. Af Optionality Noun Adj optionality English 306A; Harris

28. Af Optionality Noun Adj Noun Af optionality English 306A; Harris

29. Optionality Noun Adj Noun Verb Af Af Af optionality English 306A; Harris

30. Optionality Noun Adj Noun Verb Af Af Af optionality English 306A; Harris

31. Roots and stems stems optionality root English 306A; Harris

32. Ainu (Japan) English 306A; Harris

33. adjective —> [e-adjective]verb English 306A; Harris

34. Ainu (Japan) Verb Af Adjective e pirka English 306A; Harris

35. Bontoc (Philippines) • kumilad = he is becoming red • fumusul = he is becoming an enemy • fikas = strong • fumikas = he is becoming strong • fusul = enemy • bato = stone • bumato = he is becoming hard • kilad = red What’s he reading? English 306A; Harris

36. Bontoc (Philippines) • {-um-} third-person singular masculine inchoative verb-former kumilad = he is becoming red he, not I or you he, not they he, not she or it becoming is; state change English 306A; Harris

37. Verb Adjective Af Bontoc (Philippines) k um ilad English 306A; Harris

38. MorphophonologyZoque possessives English 306A; Harris

39. MorphophonologyZoque possessives English 306A; Harris

40. MorphophonologyZoque possessives English 306A; Harris

41. MorphologyZoque possessives • {-j- } • third-person • singular • masculine • possessive English 306A; Harris

42. MorphologyZoque possessives b j uRu English 306A; Harris

43. Noun Noun Af Morphologynoun —> [n-j-oun]noun b j uRu English 306A; Harris

44. MorphophonologyZoque possessives • {m-}, {n-}, {N-} • first-person • singular • possessive English 306A; Harris

45. MorphophonologyZoque possessives Noun Noun Noun Af Af Af Noun Noun Noun Assimilation in place of articulation n wakas m pama N kama English 306A; Harris

46. Adj V Af breakable Morphology • Semasiological • free (word) • bound (affix) • Onomasiological • derivational (new word) • inflectional (new function) • Rules • Structures • Productivity break unbreakable breakable breaks verb  [verb-affix]adjective breakable, lovable, knowable, movable, singable, blorkable, … English 306A; Harris