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Extra Solar Planets

Extra Solar Planets. Geoff Bower. Radial Velocity Detection of Exoplanets. Exoplanet Statistics from Radial Velocity Variations. Transits. HD 209458 Henry et al 1999. Requirements for Transit Detection of Earth. Photometric sensitivity ~ 10^-5 Nstars >> 10^3 Time resolution ~ hours

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Extra Solar Planets

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  1. Extra Solar Planets Geoff Bower The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  2. Radial Velocity Detection of Exoplanets The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  3. Exoplanet Statistics from Radial Velocity Variations The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  4. Transits HD 209458 Henry et al 1999 The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  5. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  6. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  7. Requirements for Transit Detection of Earth • Photometric sensitivity ~ 10^-5 • Nstars >> 10^3 • Time resolution ~ hours • Duration ~ years • Continuous viewing The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  8. TrESTransiting Extrasolar Planet Search • 3 x 10 cm telescopes • 6 x 6 deg FOV • V< 16 mag • 0.005 mag in 10 minutes The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  9. TrES-2 Planet in Kepler Field T=2.5 days M=1.3 MJupR=1.2 MJup O’Donovan et al 2006 The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  10. All Transiting Planets Charbonneau et al 2006 The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  11. TreS-1 HD 209458 Star spot causes bump The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  12. Scintillation Noise < 1sec TrES Dunham et al 2004 Dravins et al 1997 The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  13. Kepler The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  14. Kepler Observing Program • 4 years • Continuous observing • 100 square degrees • 1.4m mirror/0.95 m corrector • 2” pixels • 42 x 1024 x 2200 pixels • Photometry for 100,00 stars The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  15. Photometry for 100,000 Stars • Subset of pixels selected from photometry • Integrated for 15 minutes • Smaller subset with 1 minute integrations • 10^7 measurements/day x ~10-100 pixels/star •  GB/day The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  16. Poisson Noise ~ 1/sqrt(Nphotons) • Poisson noise sets mirror size • Stellar variability is the big unknown and factor to be controlled The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  17. 450,000 stars brighter than 15th mag The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Basri et al 2005

  18. Most Stars Are Inactive The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  19. Solar Variability The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  20. Hall et al 2007 The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  21. Stellar Variability The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  22. Variability Limits on Planet Size The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  23. Simulated Transit Matched filter search The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  24. Semi-major axis 1500 Earth mass planets detected in first year 4500 in four years Assuming 3 terrestrial planets/star The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

  25. Planet Detection Validation • 7 sigma detection (total) in >=4 transits • Period constant to 10 ppm from at least 3 transits • Duration, depth, shape consistent • Star centroid the same in and out of transit • Reject background eclipsing star • Radial velocity follow-up consistent • High resolution imaging The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

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