Welcome b ack from spring break! Week 12: Monday Do Now

1. Welcome back from spring break!Week 12: Monday Do Now Name one place that you would like to travel to. Why do you want to go there?

2. Corrections to PT Trends Quiz In a different color pen make corrections to your quiz. If you finish early, help a classmate Once you are done, place your quiz in your Test Folder

3. Elements • Elements are determined by their atomic number • Atomic number = Number of protons • Atomic number does not change, therefore the number of protons will not change

4. Elements • In a neutral atom… Number of protons = Number of electrons • However, in an ion, the number of electrons will change

5. Ions • An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost at least one electron • If an atom gains an electron, it will have a negative charge • If an atom loses an electron, it will have a positive charge • Why?

6. Positive ions • Ions with a positive charge are called cations • Atom will have more protons +++++++++

7. Negative ions • Ions with a negative charge are called anions • Atom will have more electrons -- -- -- -- --

8. Examples of Ions Lithium with a +1 charge = Li +1 Fluorine with a -1 charge = F -1

9. Example A Normally, Lithium has 3 electrons 3 negative electrons -3 3 positive protons +3 (-3) + (+3) = 0

10. Example A Lithium with a +1 charge = Li +1 Li +1 has lost an electron 2 negative electrons -2 3 positive protons +3 (-2) + (+3) = +1

11. Example B Normally, Fluorine has 9 electrons 9 negative electrons -9 9 positive protons +9 (-9) + (+9) = 0

12. Example B Fluorine with a -1 charge = F -1 F -1 has gained an electron 10 negative electrons -10 9positive protons +9 (-10) + (+9) = -1

13. *Independent Practice* Write the number of protons and electrons the element normally hasand then determine the new number of protons and electronsgiven the charge of the ion

14. Break: Challenge Very reactive elements are often sealed “under Argon atmosphere” and not in normal air. Why would they do this?

15. Valence Electrons Definition: the outermost electrons of an atom

16. Full Valence Electron Shell

17. What is a full shell? • A full shell is 8 valence electrons • Elements are more stable with 8 valence electrons • Elements will gain or lose some valence electrons in order to obtain 8 valence electrons

18. Elements want a full shell • An element with less than 4 valence electrons will lose electrons. • This is why Alkali Metals (1 valence electron) are the most reactive metals. They are very close to a “full” shell.

19. Elements want a full shell • An element with more than 4 valence electrons will gain electrons. • This is why Halogens (7 valence electrons ) are the most reactive non-metals. They are very close to a “full” shell.

20. “Full” Valence Electron Shell Noble gases are“inert” or un-reactive because their outer shell  of valence electrons  is full with 8 electrons

21. Anion formation

22. Anion formation

23. Anion formation

24. Cation formation

25. Cation formation

26. Cation formation

27. *Independent Practice* Fill in chart Circle all cations

28. Week 12: Monday Exit Ticket Iodine has a negative 1 charge Is Iodine an anion or a cation? Write how many electrons and protons Iodine -1 would have.

29. *Monday Homework* Copy these elements down on a piece of paper. Make a chart like the independent practice and fill it out. 1. Lithium (Li)2. Beryllium (Be)3. Iodine (I)4. Arsenic (As)5. Krypton (Kr)

30. Week 12: Tuesday Do Now What is an ion? Classify the following as either cations or anions Bromine (Br) Potassium (K) Magnesium (Mg) Sulfur (S)

31. Electrolytes

32. Electrolytes • All ions carry an electric charge • Electrolytesare substances that become ions in solution and acquire the ability to conduct electricity. • They are present in the human body in a specific balance that is necessary for the function of our cells and organs

33. Electrolytes NaCl(s) → Na+(aq) + Cl−(aq) (Na+), (K+), (Ca2+), (Mg2+), (Cl−), (HPO42−), (HCO3−)

34. Page R5 in appendix ARead Electrolyte Balance in the Bodyand answer the following 5 questionsIf you finish early, check out the Sodium-Potassium Pump on page R6

35. Doctor Activity • Using the information you have just read, you will act as a doctor and answer several questions about your patients’ electrolyte balances • Leave your book open to page R5, you will need to refer to Table 1B

36. You are the doctor • A patient comes in with a Na+ level of 180 mmol/L. What should you be worried about? • Hypernatremia • Increased urine excretion (peeing too much). • What happens if you lose too much water? • Dehydration

37. You are the doctor • A patient comes in with a K+ level of 2.0 What should you be worried about? • Hypokalemia. Gastrointestinal conditions • What do you think gastrointestinal issues are? • Gastro = stomach, Intestine = intestines. • Stomach and intestine problems: stomach upset

38. You are the doctor • A patient comes in with a Na+ level of 120. What should you be worried about? • Hyponatremia. Vomiting, diarrhea • What do you think is a problem that could come from vomiting and diarrhea? • Dehydration from water loss

39. You are the doctor • A patient comes in with a K+ level of 6.0. What should you be worried about? • Renal failure • What organ are we talking about when we say “renal failure” • Kidneys

40. Kidneys

41. Normal kidney Renal failure kidney

42. You are the doctor • A patient comes in with a Cl- level of 90. What should you be worried about? • Hypochloremia: acute infection, burns. • What does the word acute mean? • Temporary

43. Take the sodium IQ quiz on page R7 • Record your answers in your notes

44. Break Challenge Question: High pressure lamps (used along highways and in parking lots) contain the elements _____________ and ____________ in addition to sodium.

45. Lewis Dot Diagrams • Draw the chemical symbol • Treat each side as a box that can hold up to twoelectrons • Count thevalence electrons • Start filling the boxes - don’t make pairs unless you need to X

46. Lewis Dot Diagram O Oxygen has 6 electrons in its valence shell Start putting them in the boxes.

47. Lewis Dot Diagram O This is the Lewis symbol for oxygen.

48. Lewis Dot Diagram Lewis diagrams of second period elements Li Be B C

49. Lewis Dot Diagram Lewis diagrams of second period elements Li Be B C

50. *Independent Practice* Draw Lewis Dot Diagrams for all elements given You should notice a pattern