Major motives of life

1. Major motives of life Ch 14 sec 1 Motives to love

2. objectives • Explain motivation • Compare and contrast intrinsic/ extrinsic motivation • Analyze the importance of biology in love

3. Motivation • Motivation- refers to an inferred process within a person or animal, that causes that organism to move toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation • Like emotion, comes from Latin “to move” • Goal may be to get married or avoid marriage, eat or avoid eating

4. chapter 14 Defining motivation An inferred process within a person or animal that causes movement either toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation Intrinsic motivation: the pursuit of an activity for its own sake Extrinsic motivation: the pursuit of an activity for external rewards such as money or fame

5. Types of motivation • Intrinsic motivation- for the inherent pleasure of the activity; internal pleasure it provides • Extrinsic motivation- for an external reward, such as money or fame

6. chapter 14 The biology of love Neurological origins of passionate love begin in infancy when infants attach to mother. Certain neurotransmitters and hormones involved in pleasure and reward are activated in mother-baby, adult lover, and close friend bonds. Endorphins Functional MRI’s have shown other neurological similarities. Certain parts of the brains light up when people look at pictures of sweethearts and biological children.

7. Social animal: motives to love- Biology • Biological origins of passionate love may begin in infancy- attachment with mother • Happens when mother-infant blood releases neurotransmitters and hormones involved in pleasure and reward • Oxytocin- feelings, expression • Endorphins- natural opiates; in mice babies cry, momma mice licks baby= releases E • Study says- inject pigs with E, less sad when mom leaves

8. Psychology of Love • Two predictors of whom people will love • Proximity: the people nearest are the most likely dearest • Friends, lovers, from set of people you work by and live by (Internet tool to weed out) • Similarity: Like attracts like • Looks, attitudes, beliefs, values, personality • Opposites attract= not true

9. chapter 14 The psychology of love The need for affiliation The motive to associate with other people, by seeking friends, companionship, or love Predictors of love Proximity: choosing friends and lovers from the set of people who are closest to us Similarity: choosing friends and lovers who are like us in looks, attitudes, beliefs, personality, and interests

10. Attachment Theory of Love • Attachment theory views adults’ love relationships, like those of infants (almost same %) • How to love-comes mostly from parent models • Secure(65%)- rarely jealous, compassionate, helpful • Avoidant (25%) – distrust, avoid • Anxious-ambivalent(11%)- always admitted about relationship, close afraid partner leave (clingy)

11. chapter 14 The attachment theory of love Like infants to their caregivers, adults have attachment styles to their partners. Secure: rarely jealous or worried about abandonment Avoidant: distrustful, avoids intimate attachments Anxious-ambivalent: agitated and worried partner will leave

12. Gender, Culture, and Love • Western Societies, sexes do not differ in feelings of love BUT how they express them • Women often express love in words • Men often express love in actions (culture says unmasculine) • Gender differences in love reflect economic and social forces (whether a person can afford to get married) • Similarities: passionate love, love at first sight, compassion

13. chapter 14 Ingredients of love Sternberg’s triangular theory of love Passion: euphoria and sexual excitement Intimacy: being free to talk about things, feeling close to and understood by loved ones Commitment: needing to be with the other person, being loyal Ideal love involves all three.

14. Summary • Motivation • Intrinsic/ extrinsic • Bio/psychology of love