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Disease Treatment

This guide outlines various methods for disease treatment and control in fish populations, emphasizing key approaches such as test and slaughter, quarantine, and the destruction of transmission links. It discusses the importance of immunization and drug therapies, defining systemic and topical treatments while highlighting regulatory aspects governed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Considerations for effective management practices include disease prophylaxis and the balance between treatment time and concentration. Key external and systemic treatment methods are evaluated to ensure fish health and welfare.

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Disease Treatment

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  1. Disease Treatment

  2. Methods of Disease Control in Fish • Test and Slaughter • Quarantine or restrict movements • Destruction of transmission link • Immunity/disease resistance • Drug therapy

  3. Drug/chemotherapeutics are small part of any health management plan- May increase carrying capacity- May be detrimental Types- Systemic- Topical- Disease prophylaxis- Injections- Disinfectants Types of Drug Therapies

  4. Laws governing Drug use • Federal food drug and cosmetic act of 1915- Limits use of most substances till safety to animals is proved • Three Criteria for approval 1. Examined for effectiveness2. Toxicity of Compound3. Time of clearance of compound or metabolites • The Revised act of 1965 included food additives

  5. Drug Regulation • Food and drug Administration is responsible for regulating drugs and chemotherapeutics • Three levels of drugs1. Approved 2. Low Regulatory Priority3. INAD (Investigation New Animal Drug)

  6. Good Management Practices • Avoid/Limit disease occurrencetreat on a population basis • Questions to consider1. What is the prognosis without treatment?2. Does potential mortality warrant treatment? • Four criteria to know1. Water2. Fish3. Chemical4. Disease

  7. External Treatments • Success is a balance of time in treatment and concentration of treatment • Treatments are used to eliminate /reduce potential pathogens • Also used as a tool for maintenance of fish health- Bactericides, fungicides, parasides

  8. Types of External Treatments • Dip • Flush • Bath • Flow through • Pro’s/Cons of Different approaches?- Handling aspect, mucous is primary line of defense- Concentration of treatment- Stress factors related to treatment

  9. Systemic Treatment • Administered in an oral route, sometimes parentally (BKD) • An effective treatment must be able to control reproduction of the pathogen as well as safe and economical • Limitations:Mixing Consistent feedingEach fish gets required amountsProphylaxis (Not recommended)

  10. Considerations with treatments • Withdrawal Time- Drug- Fish Species- Water Temperature

  11. Wt. or volume of water 100 ------------ % activity Wt. or volume of chem./drug Desired concentration x x = 100 --------------- % activity Treatment level (mg/kg/day) Wt. of drug needed Wt. of fish x x = Static Treatments Constant-Flow Treatments Flow rate (l/min) x Treatment time (min) x final concentration (ppm) x .001 Chemical strength (decimal fraction) Wt. of chem./drug needed = Amount of drug to feed

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