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Applying the Scientific Method

This guide introduces the scientific method, emphasizing the importance of asking questions and formulating hypotheses. Learn to identify independent (manipulated) and dependent (responding) variables in various examples such as the effects of chocolate on pimples and temperature on bacterial growth. Additionally, understand the distinction between scientific facts, laws, and theories, and how experiments can validate or invalidate hypotheses. This foundational knowledge equips you to conduct your own scientific inquiries effectively.

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Applying the Scientific Method

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  1. Applying the Scientific Method

  2. What’s the best way to find out about something? • ASK A QUESTION!!!!!!

  3. HYPOTHESIS • A statement that makes a CLAIM about how 2 things are related. • Chocolate may cause pimples. • Salt in soil may affect plant growth. • Plant growth may be affected by the color of the light. • Bacterial growth may be affected by temperature. • Ultra violet light may cause skin cancer. • Temperature may cause leaves to change color.

  4. HYPOTHESIS • The 2 things are VARIABLES. • A change in one VARIABLE causes a change in the other VARIABLE.

  5. HYPOTHESIS • The variable causing the change is the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE (I.V.) or MANIPULATED VARIABLE. • The variable being changed is the DEPENDENT VARIABLE (D.V.) or RESPONDING VARIABLE. • “Exploding cars may cause injury”.

  6. HYPOTHESIS • LOOK AGAIN AT THE PREVIOUS SENTENCES AND IDENTIFY THE I.V. AND THE D.V. • Chocolate may cause pimples. • Salt in soil may affect plant growth. • Plant growth may be affected by the color of the light. • Bacterial growth may be affected by temperature. • Ultra violet light may cause skin cancer. • Temperature may cause leaves to change color.

  7. HYPOTHESIS • A statement that makes a CLAIM about how 2 things are related. • Chocolate may cause pimples. • Salt in soil may affect plant growth. • Plant growth may be affected by the color of light.

  8. HYPOTHESIS • A statement that makes a CLAIM about how 2 things are related. • Bacterial growth may be affected by temperature. • Ultra violet light may cause skin cancer. • Temperature may cause leaves to change color.

  9. HYPOTHESIS • How do we know that it is the • Chocolate is causing the pimples? • Temperature is causing the bacterial growth? • CONTROL • Run the ENTIRE experiment WITHOUTthe INDEPENDENT VARIABLE • See if pimples occur with NO CHOCOLATE • See if bacteria grow the same amount in ANY TEMPERATURE

  10. EXPERIMENT • A way to test an hypothesis. • Provides PROOF that an hypothesis is TRUE or FALSE.

  11. EXPERIMENT • The hypothesis determines the SET-UP • Materials and • Procedures

  12. METHODS OF SCIENCE • BUT FIRST!!!!! • Let’s talk about FACTS, LAWS & THEORIES

  13. SCIENTIFIC FACT • An agreement made by qualified scientists about many observations of the same thing. • FOR EXAMPLE: “There are 9planets in our solar system”. • Facts or definitions may change. • They’re human created.

  14. SCIENTIFIC LAW • A relationship that ALWAYS holds TRUE. • For example: • Gravity • The earth rotating around the sun

  15. SCIENTIFIC THEORY • A way of relating observations, laws, and facts. • An explanation (hypothesis) of how or why something happens which is TESTED again and again. • Basically, a well-tested hypothesis. • It CAN change.

  16. MODELS OF SCIENCE • A way to represent something that cannot be seen easily or directly. • MAPS • ATOMS • OTHER MENTAL MODELS

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