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THE PROCESS OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING

THE PROCESS OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING. Objectives of the PBL process. To develop :. Knowledge - Basic and clinical content in context Skills - Scientific reasoning, critical appraisal, information literacy, the skills of self- directed, life-long learning

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THE PROCESS OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING

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  1. THE PROCESS OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING kthnaing2011

  2. Objectives of the PBL process To develop: Knowledge - Basic and clinical content in context Skills - Scientific reasoning, critical appraisal, information literacy, the skills of self- directed, life-long learning Attitudes - Value of teamwork, inter-personal skills, and psychosocial issues kthnaing2011

  3. THE PBL TUTORIAL PROCESS Presentation of Problem Resolution of Problem; (How did we do?) Next stage of the problem Organize ideas and prior knowledge (What do we know?) Integrate new Information; Refine questions Pose questions (What do we need to know?) Reconvene, report on research Research questions; summarize; analyze findings Assign responsibility for questions; discuss resources kthnaing2011

  4. The role of Students • Students’ determination of their own “Level of Ignorance” (Learning Issues), • by themselves, • is fundamental to PBL kthnaing2011

  5. Characteristics of a good PBL student • Prompt & present for all sessions • A knowledge of the process of PBL • Commitment to self / student-directed learning • Active participation in discussion and critical thinking while contributing to a friendly, non-intimidating environment • Willingness to make constructive evaluation of self, group and tutor kthnaing2011

  6. The role of The facilitator • To prompt, guide and question, • When necessary , • To ensure that predetermined learning issues (the tutor guide) are • identified, • researched and • discussed kthnaing2011

  7. Characteristics of a good PBL tutor • Facilitating the PBL process itself, • while keeping it student-centered • Promoting teamwork / communication • Evaluating student performance kthnaing2011

  8. Flexible Furniture Flexible Equipment Collaborative, reconfigurable workspace kthnaing2011

  9. All Participants have role to play • Scribe • Chair • Group members kthnaing2011

  10. Tutorial Part 1 : Introduction to the group and to PBL Tutor Students What is your background? What is your understanding of the PBL process? kthnaing2011

  11. Tutorial Part 2 Starting the problem (Tutorial Session 1) Student Chair What do we know What do we need to know Discuss & list learning issues Organize who does what Students Tutor kthnaing2011

  12. An important part of PBL is the Learning between sessions kthnaing2011

  13. Tutorial Part 3 : Reporting Back Recap case Discuss in a logical order Avoid mini-lectures Interact/Question each other Move to next Learning Issue Students Tutor kthnaing2011

  14. A Typical Day in a PBL Course kthnaing2011

  15. A scenario starts with a short and open review of a patient’s complaints and background to encourage a broad discussion • A 36-year-old male, HIV positive for 5 years • History of PCP at diagnosis • CD4 275 cells/mm3 • Viral load 800 copies/mL • He is complaining of rectal irritation and fatigue for two months. Denies GI or GU bleeding • On physical exam, no lymphadenopathy and no hepatosplenomegaly • There is a 2-cm perianal mass with positive stool Hemoccult • Biopsy of anal mass is positive for anal squamous cell carcinoma kthnaing2011

  16. 1st meeting • Read the scenario • Brain-storming on the principles hidden in the theme HIV positive kthnaing2011

  17. 1st meeting • Read the scenario • Brain-storming on the principles hidden in the theme HIV positive What does mean? I heard that is an RNA virus that cause AIDS kthnaing2011

  18. 1st meeting • Read the scenario • Brain-storming on the principles hidden in the theme HIV positive What does mean? I heard that is an RNA virus that cause AIDS We should find out more about HIV kthnaing2011

  19. 1st meeting • Read the scenario • Brain-storming on the principles hidden in the theme HIV positive What does mean? I heard that is an RNA virus that cause AIDS Which are the mechanisms behind development of anal Ca? We should find out more about HIV kthnaing2011

  20. 1st meeting • Read the scenario • Brain-storming on the principles hidden in the theme • Grouping suggested ideas into categories • HIV virology • Immunopathogenesis • Diagnosis kthnaing2011

  21. 1st meeting • Reading and understanding the scenario • Brain-storming on the principles hidden in the theme • Grouping suggested ideas into categories • Producing questions based on each category • Specifying study goals • Individual studies • Presenting acquired knowledge – testing general level • Applying revised knowledge on the specific case kthnaing2011

  22. 2nd meeting • Reading and understanding the scenario • Brain-storming on the principles hidden in the theme • Grouping suggested ideas into categories • Producing questions based on each category • Specifying study goals • Individual studies • Presenting acquired knowledge • Applying revised knowledge on the specific case kthnaing2011

  23. 2 nd meeting 7. Presenting acquired knowledge What did you learn about the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection ? release of pro-inflammatory mediators from pancreatic macrophages is the mechanism kthnaing2011

  24. 2nd meeting 7. Presenting acquired knowledge – testing general level release of pro-inflammatory mediators from pancreatic macrophages is the mechanism What did you learn about the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection? I did a Medline search and I will summarise the main message in 5 minutes based on a recent review kthnaing2011

  25. 2nd meeting 7. Presenting acquired knowledge – testing general level OK, I found that HIV has RT enzyme that’s why it cause life long infection release of pro-inflammatory mediators from pancreatic macrophages is the mechanism What did you learn about the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection? I did a Medline search and I will summarise the main message in 5 minutes based on a recent review kthnaing2011

  26. 2nd meeting 8. Applying revised knowledge on the specific case I found some interesting issue HIV non progressor! kthnaing2011

  27. 2nd meeting 8. Applying revised knowledge on the specific case / Further learning task Fine, and I can summarise diagnosis of HIV infection I found some interesting issue HIV non progressor! kthnaing2011

  28. Student PBL Workshop Task(normally 45 minutes) • Read the case • What do you know about this scenario? • What do you need to know? • Discuss & list learning issues • Discuss & list potential sources of information • Organize who (theoretically) will do what • Evaluate how you performed as a group kthnaing2011

  29. Problem-solving Vs. Problem-based learning- different but inter-related - Problem-solving: arriving at decisions based on prior knowledge and reasoning Problem-based learning: the process of acquiring new knowledge based on recognition of a need to learn kthnaing2011

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