The Middle Passage

1. The Middle Passage Triangulating Evil

3. African Population • Ten million Africans were brought to the New World between the 16th and mid-19th century. • Many slaves belonged to different African tribes. • Decreased communication among the slave population. • African Culture • Resistant to letting go of strong African tribal heritage. • Fought or lead mutinies • Chose death • Obeyed instinctively out of fear. • African American Culture • Americanization • Slow demise of African culture. • Forced to learn a new language, adopt a new culture, and accept a new religion. • This created an Americanized slave race with no ties to their African heritage.

4. Describe the Middle Passage from the point of view of an African Slave?

5. Benjamin Franklin * Key Person* • Accomplishments: • Scientist • Inventor- Stove, lightning rod, bifocals, and many others. • Medicine- Founded first U.S. hospital. • Printing- Noted colonial printer. • Heating- Franklin stove. • Education- Involved in founding two colleges. • Optometrics- Bifocal glasses. • Public safety- Started first police department/ first fire department. • Government- Held positions as: • Clerk, postmaster, Governor, Ambassador. • Diplomacy- Ambassador to England and minister to France. • Community service- Street lighting, paving and cleaning. • Abolitionism- Started Society to Abolish Slavery. • Cartoonist- Drew first cartoon in an American newspaper • Linguist – Studied several languages • Cartographer- Mapped the Gulf Stream and Routes for the post office. • Philanthropist- Organized fund raising and contributed to many causes. • The colonies provided a society that allowed social mobility • through individualism. *Know*

6. George Whitfield and The Great Awakening

7. What was the Great Awakening? *Know* • The Great Awakening was a spiritual renewal that swept the American Colonies during the first half of the 18th Century. • Certain Christians began to disassociate themselves with the established approach to worship and instead they adopted an approach which was characterized by great passion and emotion in prayer. • Unlike the Puritan spirituality of the early 1700s, the revivalism ushered in by the Great Awakening allowed people to express their emotions more explicitly in order to feel a greater intimacy with God. *Know*

8. What caused the Great Awakening? • Dissatisfaction with the traditional way of practicing religion. What were the effects of the Great Awakening? • The Awakening’s biggest significance was the way it prepared America for its War of Independence. • In the decades before the war, revivalism taught people that they could be bold when confronting religious authority *Know*

9. The French and Indian War (The Seven Years War) • Conflict between France, Great Britain, and the Indians. *Know* • Disputes between Great Britain and France over fur trade and territory. • The French allied with the Indians. • After several loses to the French and Indians, a British victory came at the battle of Quebec.

10. Treaty of Paris *Know* • Great Britain took possession of Canada and the lands east of the Mississippi River. • England got Florida from Spain because Spain helped France in the war. • France no longer was a colonial power in North America. *Know* *Know*

12. Growing Tensions Between the Colonies and the Mother Country • Great Britain fought a war in the Americas and in Europe. In doing so they spent lots of money! • Who should pay for the war? TheRoadtoRevolution